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	???? ?? ??? ??? ????.
??
???	???
??	?????
??	?????
??	????? ???
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???	bronchus
????	βρ?γχο?
MeSH	D001980
TA98	A06.4.01.001; A06.3.01.008
TA2	3226
FMA	7409
	[??????? ????]

百度第一，加快建设全省铁路网特别是高铁网。

???(氣管支, ??: bronchus)? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????. ???? ????? ?? ???? ? ?? ?? ? ???? ??? ????? ?? ??????. ???? ?? ?? ?????, ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ? ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ????, ???? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ?? ???? ???? ??? 4?, 5?, 6? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???.^[1]^[2] ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????? ???. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ???.

??

??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ? ?? ? ?? ???? ???. ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??(?? ?)? ????.

??? ????? ?? ?????? ?? ?? ? ????.^[3] ?? ??? 1.09cm??.^[4] ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????. ??? ????? ? ?? ?? ???(?? ? ???)? ???? ??? ?? ? ?—??, ??, ??—? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???; ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ???? ? ?? ??. ?????? ? 2cm ??? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???, ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???. ??? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???, ??? ???? ?? ? ?? ? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??.

?? ????? ??? ? ??? ????? ??, ??? 5cm??. ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????. ??? ???? ??? ???, ??, ?????, ??? ????? ?? ?????, ?? ????? ???? ? ?? ??? ? ???? ? ?? ??. ?? ????? ?? ??? ????, ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ????. ?? ????? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ?—??? ??—? ??? ????.

?? ???? ? ??? ?? ???(?? ?? ???)? ???, ??? ???? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ? ????. ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ??? ? ??. ???? ? ?? 10?? ??? ???, ?? ???? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ???, ? ?? ??? ???? ? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ?? ??. ?? ???? 4?, 5?, 6? ?? ???? ??? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ? ???, ?? ?? ??? ?????? ???. ???? ? ?? ????? ????, ????? ??????? ???, ??? ?? ??????? ?????, ??? ? ??? ? ? ?? ????? ???. ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??. ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????.

? ???? ??? ? ??? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??. ? ????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ??. ? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. ????? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ??. ? ?????? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? C?? ??? ????, ? ?? ?????? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.^[5]

??? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? 10%?? 20% ??? ???.^[6]

?????

????(?? ???)? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????. ??? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??.^[7] ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??. ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ? ??? ??? ??.

??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ????. ?? ?? ??????????? ?? ???????, ??? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????.^[7]^[8]

??

0.1~5%? ?????? ???? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ??. ?? ??? ???? ??? ???, ???? ??? ????.^[9] ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ???, ??? ??????, ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ? ??. ??? ?? ???? ?? ?????.^[10] ^[11]

??? ???? ? 0.3%? ???? ???, ??? ????? ?? ???? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ????.^[12]

?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?????, ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??.^[13]^[14] ??? ??? ? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ????, ??? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ??.

??

???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ? ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.

??? ???

CT ???? ? ? ?? ???? ??? ?????(?? ?? ?? ????) ???? ??(????)? ????.^[15] ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? 0.17?? 0.23 ???.^[16]

????

????? ???? ???? ????, ????? ??? ? ??. ?? ????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ? ??(COPD)? ?? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??.

??

?? ????? ??? ?????? ????? ? ? ??? ????. ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???. ??, ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ????? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.

??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ? ??.

??

??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??????.

???? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??; ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ????? ??? ? ??. ? ??, ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ??. ???? ??????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ????.

??? ???

??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ? ??. ??? ???? ?? ??? ???, ?? ?? ???, ??? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????. ? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???. ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????.^[17] ?? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.^[18]

??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????, ?? ? ?? ??? ? ??. ????? ??? ???? ??? ? ??.^[17]

?? ???

?? ???? ??
??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??.

??

↑ Netter, Frank H. (2014). 《Atlas of Human Anatomy Including Student Consult Interactive Ancillaries and Guides.》 6?. Philadelphia, Penn.: W B Saunders Co. 200?. ISBN 978-1-4557-0418-7.
↑ Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993). 《Human Biology and Health》. wood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.
↑ Brodsky, JB; Lemmens, JM (2003). 《Left Double-Lumen Tubes: Clinical Experience With 1,170 Patients》 (PDF). 《Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia》 17. 289–98?. doi:10.1016/S1053-0770(03)00046-6. PMID 12827573. 2017? 3? 12?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. Alt URL
↑ Robinson, CL; Müller, NL; Essery, C (January 1989). 《Clinical significance and measurement of the length of the right main bronchus.》. 《Canadian Journal of Surgery》 32. 27–8?. PMID 2642720.
↑ Saladin, K (2012). 《Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function》 6?. McGraw-Hill. 862?. ISBN 9780073378251.
↑ Section SA6-PA4 ("Airway Inflammation with Wall Thickening") in: Brett M. Elicker, W. Richard Webb (2012). 《Fundamentals of High-Resolution Lung CT: Common Findings, Common Patterns, Common Diseases, and Differential Diagnosis》. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781469824796.
↑ ^? ^? Marieb, Elaine N.; Hoehn, Katja (2012). 《Human Anatomy & Physiology》 9?. Pearson. ISBN 978-0321852120.
↑ “Bronchi, Bronchial Tree & Lungs”. 《nih.gov》. 2019? 9? 18?? ???.
↑ Weerakkody, Yuranga. “Tracheal bronchus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org”. 《Radiopaedia》. 2021? 11? 21?? ???.
↑ Shih, Fu-Chieh; Wei-Jing Lee; Hung-Jung Lin (2009? 3? 31?). 《Tracheal bronchus》. 《Canadian Medical Association Journal》 180. 783?. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080280. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 2659830. PMID 19332762.
↑ Barat, Michael; Horst R. Konrad (1987? 3? 4?). 《Tracheal bronchus》. 《American Journal of Otolaryngology》 8. 118–122?. doi:10.1016/S0196-0709(87)80034-0. ISSN 0196-0709. PMID 3592078.
↑ “Cardiac bronchus”. 《Radiopedia》. 2015? 11? 15?? ?? ???? ??? ??.
↑ Parker MS, Christenson ML, Abbott GF. Teaching atlas of chest imaging. 2006, ISBN 3131390212
↑ McGuinness G, Naidich DP, Garay SM, Davis AL, Boyd AD, Mizrachi HH (1993). 《Accessory cardiac bronchus: CT features and clinical significance》. 《Radiology》 189. 563–6?. doi:10.1148/radiology.189.2.8210391. PMID 8210391.
↑ Weerakkody, Yuranga (2021? 1? 13?). “Bronchial wall thickening”. 《Radiopaedia》. 2018? 1? 5?? ???.
↑ Page 112 in: David P. Naidich (2005). 《Imaging of the Airways: Functional and Radiologic Correlations》. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781757683.
↑ ^? ^? Traibi, A.; Seguin-Givelet, A.; Grigoroiu, M.; Brian, E.; Gossot, D. (2017). 《Congenital bronchial atresia in adults: Thoracoscopic resection》. 《Journal of Visualized Surgery》 3. 174?. doi:10.21037/jovs.2017.10.15. PMC 5730535. PMID 29302450.
↑ Van Klaveren, R. J.; Morshuis, W. J.; Lacquet, L. K.; Cox, A. L.; Festen, J.; Heystraten, F. M. (1992). 《Congenital bronchial atresia with regional emphysema associated with pectus excavatum》. 《Thorax》 47. 1082–3?. doi:10.1136/thx.47.12.1082. PMC 1021111. PMID 1494776.

??

Moore, Keith L. and Arthur F. Dalley. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, 4th ed. (1999). ISBN 0-7817-5936-6.

[Netter-1] Netter, Frank H. (2014). 《Atlas of Human Anatomy Including Student Consult Interactive Ancillaries and Guides.》 6?. Philadelphia, Penn.: W B Saunders Co. 200?. ISBN 978-1-4557-0418-7.

[2] Maton, Anthea; Jean Hopkins; Charles William McLaughlin; Susan Johnson; Maryanna Quon Warner; David LaHart; Jill D. Wright (1993). 《Human Biology and Health》. wood Cliffs, New Jersey, USA: Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-981176-1.

[Brodsky2003-3] Brodsky, JB; Lemmens, JM (2003). 《Left Double-Lumen Tubes: Clinical Experience With 1,170 Patients》 (PDF). 《Journal of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia》 17. 289–98?. doi:10.1016/S1053-0770(03)00046-6. PMID 12827573. 2017? 3? 12?? ?? ?? (PDF)?? ??? ??. Alt URL

[Robinson-4] Robinson, CL; Müller, NL; Essery, C (January 1989). 《Clinical significance and measurement of the length of the right main bronchus.》. 《Canadian Journal of Surgery》 32. 27–8?. PMID 2642720.

[Saladin2-5] Saladin, K (2012). 《Anatomy & physiology : the unity of form and function》 6?. McGraw-Hill. 862?. ISBN 9780073378251.

[6] Section SA6-PA4 ("Airway Inflammation with Wall Thickening") in: Brett M. Elicker, W. Richard Webb (2012). 《Fundamentals of High-Resolution Lung CT: Common Findings, Common Patterns, Common Diseases, and Differential Diagnosis》. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9781469824796.

[marieb-7] ? ^? Marieb, Elaine N.; Hoehn, Katja (2012). 《Human Anatomy & Physiology》 9?. Pearson. ISBN 978-0321852120.

[NIH-8] “Bronchi, Bronchial Tree & Lungs”. 《nih.gov》. 2019? 9? 18?? ???.

[Weerakkody-9] Weerakkody, Yuranga. “Tracheal bronchus | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org”. 《Radiopaedia》. 2021? 11? 21?? ???.

[10] Shih, Fu-Chieh; Wei-Jing Lee; Hung-Jung Lin (2009? 3? 31?). 《Tracheal bronchus》. 《Canadian Medical Association Journal》 180. 783?. doi:10.1503/cmaj.080280. ISSN 0820-3946. PMC 2659830. PMID 19332762.

[11] Barat, Michael; Horst R. Konrad (1987? 3? 4?). 《Tracheal bronchus》. 《American Journal of Otolaryngology》 8. 118–122?. doi:10.1016/S0196-0709(87)80034-0. ISSN 0196-0709. PMID 3592078.

[12] “Cardiac bronchus”. 《Radiopedia》. 2015? 11? 15?? ?? ???? ??? ??.

[13] Parker MS, Christenson ML, Abbott GF. Teaching atlas of chest imaging. 2006, ISBN 3131390212

[14] McGuinness G, Naidich DP, Garay SM, Davis AL, Boyd AD, Mizrachi HH (1993). 《Accessory cardiac bronchus: CT features and clinical significance》. 《Radiology》 189. 563–6?. doi:10.1148/radiology.189.2.8210391. PMID 8210391.

[15] Weerakkody, Yuranga (2021? 1? 13?). “Bronchial wall thickening”. 《Radiopaedia》. 2018? 1? 5?? ???.

[16] Page 112 in: David P. Naidich (2005). 《Imaging of the Airways: Functional and Radiologic Correlations》. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 9780781757683.

[JVS-17] ? ^? Traibi, A.; Seguin-Givelet, A.; Grigoroiu, M.; Brian, E.; Gossot, D. (2017). 《Congenital bronchial atresia in adults: Thoracoscopic resection》. 《Journal of Visualized Surgery》 3. 174?. doi:10.21037/jovs.2017.10.15. PMC 5730535. PMID 29302450.

[Thorax-18] Van Klaveren, R. J.; Morshuis, W. J.; Lacquet, L. K.; Cox, A. L.; Festen, J.; Heystraten, F. M. (1992). 《Congenital bronchial atresia with regional emphysema associated with pectus excavatum》. 《Thorax》 47. 1082–3?. doi:10.1136/thx.47.12.1082. PMC 1021111. PMID 1494776.

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