????

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	????, ??, ???. ????? ???? ??? ?? ???? ????.
	???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???.
??
???	???
???
???	carina tracheae; bifurcatio tracheae
??	carina of trachea
TA98	A06.3.01.009
TA2	3225
FMA	7465
	[??????? ????]

百度要继续全心全意为人民服务，实施综合柜员制，让群众最多跑一次，给群众提供更加高效、精准、人性化的服务。

????(carina, tracheal bifurcation) ?? ?????(氣管分岐部), ????(氣管龍骨)? ??? ? ?? ???? ???? ????.^[1]^[2]

??

????? ??? ??? ?, ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.^[1]^[3] ????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????? ?? ? ? ???? ????? ??? ? ??. ????? ?? ???? ???^[4] ?? ??? ???? ???? ??.

?????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????.^[5]

????? ????? ?? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????.^[3] ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ????.^[6]

??? ???

??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ???? ? ?????, ??? ??? ?????? ????.^[4] ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??.^[7]

????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????.

????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????.

??? ??? ??? ???????? 60%? ???? ??? 2.5cm ???? ???.^[8]

?? ???

??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ? ??
??? ???

?? ??

? ??? ??? ?????: ??? ??? ?? - ?? ?????? ?? "Dictionary of Cancer Terms".

↑ ^? ^? Fernandez, Luis G.; Norwood, Scott H.; Berne, John D. (2008? 1? 1?), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D., ??., “Tracheal, Laryngeal, and Oropharyngeal Injuries”, 《Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care》 (??) (Philadelphia: Mosby), 215–226?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50036-9, ISBN 978-0-323-04418-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???
↑ Reynolds, Susan D.; Pinkerton, Kent E.; Mariassy, Andrew T. (2015? 1? 1?), Parent, Richard A., ??., “Chapter 6 - Epithelial Cells of Trachea and Bronchi”, 《Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung (Second Edition)》 (??) (San Diego: Academic Press), 61–81?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404577-4.00006-0, ISBN 978-0-12-404577-4, 2020? 11? 17?? ???
↑ ^? ^? Schipper, Paul; Sukumar, Mithran; Mayberry, John C. (2008? 1? 1?), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D., ??., “Pertinent Surgical Anatomy of the Thorax and Mediastinum”, 《Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care》 (??) (Philadelphia: Mosby), 227–251?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50037-0, ISBN 978-0-323-04418-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???
↑ ^? ^? Drevet, Gabrielle; Conti, Massimo; Deslauriers, Jean (2016? 3?). “Surgical anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree”. 《Journal of Thoracic Disease》 8 (Suppl 2): S121–S129. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.69. ISSN 2072-1439. PMC 4775257. PMID 26981262. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???)
↑ Acocella, F.; Brizzola, S. (2011? 1? 1?), Bosworth, Lucy A.; Downes, Sandra, ??., “12 - Tracheal tissue regeneration”, 《Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration》, Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials (??) (Woodhead Publishing), 242–279?, doi:10.1533/9780857092915.2.242, ISBN 978-1-84569-741-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???
↑ Hardie, E. (2014? 1? 1?), Langley-Hobbs, Sorrel J.; Demetriou, Jackie L.; Ladlow, Jane F., ??., “Chapter 46 - Trachea and bronchus”, 《Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery》 (??) (W.B. Saunders), 531–540?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4336-9.00046-9, ISBN 978-0-7020-4336-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???
↑ Kumar, Sudesh; Al-Abri, Rashid; Sharma, Ashok; Al-Kindi, Hussain; Mishra, P (2010? 10?). “Management of Pediatric Tracheo Bronchial Foreign Body Aspiration”. 《Oman Medical Journal》 25 (4): e019. doi:10.5001/omj.2010.99. ISSN 1999-768X. PMC 5556322. PMID 28845222.
↑ Chu CP, Chen PP (April 2002). “Tracheobronchial injury secondary to blunt chest trauma: Diagnosis and management”. 《Anaesth Intensive Care》 30 (2): 145–52. doi:10.1177/0310057X0203000204. PMID 12002920.

?? ??

"Trachea and carina — tomogram, coronal plane" at SUNY Downstate Medical Center ??? 2025-08-05 - ??? ??
Carina tracheae entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms

[:0-1] ? ^? Fernandez, Luis G.; Norwood, Scott H.; Berne, John D. (2008? 1? 1?), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D., ??., “Tracheal, Laryngeal, and Oropharyngeal Injuries”, 《Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care》 (??) (Philadelphia: Mosby), 215–226?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50036-9, ISBN 978-0-323-04418-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???

[2] Reynolds, Susan D.; Pinkerton, Kent E.; Mariassy, Andrew T. (2015? 1? 1?), Parent, Richard A., ??., “Chapter 6 - Epithelial Cells of Trachea and Bronchi”, 《Comparative Biology of the Normal Lung (Second Edition)》 (??) (San Diego: Academic Press), 61–81?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404577-4.00006-0, ISBN 978-0-12-404577-4, 2020? 11? 17?? ???

[:1-3] ? ^? Schipper, Paul; Sukumar, Mithran; Mayberry, John C. (2008? 1? 1?), Asensio, JUAN A.; Trunkey, DONALD D., ??., “Pertinent Surgical Anatomy of the Thorax and Mediastinum”, 《Current Therapy of Trauma and Surgical Critical Care》 (??) (Philadelphia: Mosby), 227–251?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-04418-9.50037-0, ISBN 978-0-323-04418-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???

[Drevet-4] ? ^? Drevet, Gabrielle; Conti, Massimo; Deslauriers, Jean (2016? 3?). “Surgical anatomy of the tracheobronchial tree”. 《Journal of Thoracic Disease》 8 (Suppl 2): S121–S129. doi:10.3978/j.issn.2072-1439.2016.01.69. ISSN 2072-1439. PMC 4775257. PMID 26981262. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???)

[5] Acocella, F.; Brizzola, S. (2011? 1? 1?), Bosworth, Lucy A.; Downes, Sandra, ??., “12 - Tracheal tissue regeneration”, 《Electrospinning for Tissue Regeneration》, Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials (??) (Woodhead Publishing), 242–279?, doi:10.1533/9780857092915.2.242, ISBN 978-1-84569-741-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???

[6] Hardie, E. (2014? 1? 1?), Langley-Hobbs, Sorrel J.; Demetriou, Jackie L.; Ladlow, Jane F., ??., “Chapter 46 - Trachea and bronchus”, 《Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery》 (??) (W.B. Saunders), 531–540?, doi:10.1016/b978-0-7020-4336-9.00046-9, ISBN 978-0-7020-4336-9, 2020? 11? 17?? ???

[7] Kumar, Sudesh; Al-Abri, Rashid; Sharma, Ashok; Al-Kindi, Hussain; Mishra, P (2010? 10?). “Management of Pediatric Tracheo Bronchial Foreign Body Aspiration”. 《Oman Medical Journal》 25 (4): e019. doi:10.5001/omj.2010.99. ISSN 1999-768X. PMC 5556322. PMID 28845222.

[Chu02-8] Chu CP, Chen PP (April 2002). “Tracheobronchial injury secondary to blunt chest trauma: Diagnosis and management”. 《Anaesth Intensive Care》 30 (2): 145–52. doi:10.1177/0310057X0203000204. PMID 12002920.

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