?????

?????
?????
	?????? ????? ???? ?? ??? ????.
??
???
??	enteric nervous system
MeSH	D017615
FMA	66070
	[??????? ????]

百度佛舍利信仰之本质，是一种灵骨崇拜，它同一般的图像崇拜是有很大不同的。

?????(enteric nervous system, ENS) ?? ????(腸神經系), ??????(intrinsic nervous system)? ?????? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??.^[1] ?????? ???????? ????? ??? ? ???, ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ?? ???? ??.^[2]^[3] ???????? ????.^[4]^[5]

?????? ?, ???? ????? ??? ? ???^[6] ??? ????? ????? ??????? ?? ???? ?????? ????. ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ??.^[7] ?????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ????. ? ?? ???? ?????? ??? ?????, ???, ???? ?? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ????.^[8]^[9]^[10]

??

??? ?????? ?? 5? ?? ?? ??? ????^[11] ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????.^[1]^[12] 5? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? 0.5%, ??? ???? ?? ??(? 1? ?)? 5? ??? ????.^[13] ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ??? 2?3? ???. ?????? ????? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ?? ??.^[13]

?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????????? ? ??? ????? ?? ???? ???.^[14] ???????? ???? ????(circular muscle)? ????(longitudinal muscle) ???, ???????? ????? ????.

???????

???????(????? ????, Auerbach's plexus)? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???????? ?? ?? ???, ????? ???? ????? ???? ??? ?? ??. ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???. ? ?? ???? ????? ????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??? ?????? ????. ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???. ????? ???????? ???? ???????, ???????? ?? ??? ????.

???????

???????(???? ????, Meissner's plexus)? ????? ????? ????.^[15] ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ???? ?? ???. ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.

??

??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??.^[16] ??????? ?????? ??? ?????, ?? ???? ????? ??? ? ??.^[17] ?????(neurogastroenterology)?? ?????? ????? ????.

???

?????? ?? ??? ?? '? ?? ?'?? ???? ??. ?? ????? ??? ? ???, (????? ??) ??????? (??????? ??) ?????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????. ??? ????? ???? ? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ?? ???.^[7]

?????? ??????? ?????, ?????, ??????? ????, ??? ?? ??????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???. ??????? ???, ??? ??? ???? ??? ??. ??????? ??? ??? ?? ????? ???? ?? ?? ???? ? ???? ??. ?? ?????? ?? ??? ????. 30??? ?? ??????? ??????? ????, ? ? ???? ???????? ??? ???? ?????, ???, ???? ???. ??? ?? ???? ? 90% ??, ?? ???? 50% ??? ??? ????.^[18]^[19]^[20]

?????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ?? ??? ??.^[21] ?? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ????, ??? ??? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??.^[22]

????

????(peristalsis)? ???? ???? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ????? ?? ????. 'Peristalsis'?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? 'peristallein'?? ????. ????? ??? ????? ???? ???? 1899? ????? ????. ??? ?? ????? ???? ? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ????, ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ?? ????.^[23]^[6]

????

????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????? ???? ????? ?? ????? ????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ??? ????. ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??? ? ?? ??.

??

????, ????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????, ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????.^[24]

??? ???

?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ?? ??, ??? ????? ???? ????. ?? ?????? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????, ??????, ?????? ??, ?? ??, ????.^[25] ???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ???? ??.

??? ?? ??

??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ? ?? ????? ???? ???? ????. ??? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ???? ???. ??????? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ????. ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ????.^[26]

??? ??

??? ??? ???????? ???? ? ?? ???? ???, ?? ??? ?? ??, ?, ????, ??? ??? ?? ? ??. ???????? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??. ? ?? ???? ???????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ????.^[27]

??

??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ? ??.^[28]

?? ???

??? ??????? (50??)
??? ??????? (50??)

??

↑ ^? ^? Furness, John Barton (2008? 4? 15?). 《The Enteric Nervous System》. John Wiley & Sons. 35–38?. ISBN 978-1-4051-7344-5.
↑ Dorland's (2012). 《Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary》 32?. Elsevier Saunders. 1862?. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.
↑ Pocock, G; Richards, C (2006). 《Human Physiology The Basis of Medicine》 Thi?. Oxford University Press. 63?. ISBN 978-0-19-856878-0. ???? ?? ?? ???: |name-list-style= (???)
↑ Barlow AJ, Wallace AS, Thapar N, Burns AJ (May 2008). “Critical numbers of neural crest cells are required in the pathways from the neural tube to the foregut to ensure complete enteric nervous system formation”. 《Development》 135 (9): 1681–91. doi:10.1242/dev.017418. PMID 18385256.
↑ Burns AJ, Thapar N (October 2006). “Advances in ontogeny of the enteric nervous system”. 《Neurogastroenterol. Motil.》 18 (10): 876–87. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00806.x. PMID 16961690. S2CID 34066966.
↑ ^? ^? Gershon, Michael (1998). 《The Second Brain》. New York: HarperCollins. 2–7?. ISBN 0-06-018252-0.
↑ ^? ^? Li,Ying; Owyang,Chung (September 2003). “Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury”. 《American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology》 285 (3): G461–9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00119.2003. PMID 12909562.
↑ Pasricha, Pankaj Jay. “Stanford Hospital: Brain in the Gut - Your Health”. 《YouTube》.
↑ Martinucci, I; ?. (2015). “Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders”. 《Pharmacogenomics》 16 (5): 523–39. doi:10.2217/pgs.15.12. PMID 25916523.
↑ Smitka, K; ?. (2013). “The role of "mixed" orexigenic and anorexigenic signals and autoantibodies reacting with appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptides of the adipose tissue-gut-brain axis: relevance to food intake and nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa”. 《Int J Endocrinol》 2013: 483145. doi:10.1155/2013/483145. PMC 3782835. PMID 24106499.
↑ Young, Emma. “Gut Instincts: The secrets of your second brain”. 《New Scientist》. New Scientist. 2015? 4? 8?? ???. ; alternate source at website: “NeuroScienceStuff”. 4 May 2013? ?? ???? ??? ??.
↑ ??? ???, p. 921
↑ ^? ^? Hall, John E. (2011). 〈General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function〉. 《Guyton and Hal Textbook of Medical Physiology》 12?. Saunders Elsevier. 755?. ISBN 978-1416045748.
↑ “The Enteric Nervous System”. 20 January 2019? ?? ???? ??? ??. 29 November 2008? ???.
↑ Ross, Michael H, and Wojciech Pawlina. Histology: A Text and Atlas with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006
↑ "enteric nervous system" - ??? ????
↑ Gershon, 1998 & 17.
↑ Pasricha, Pankaj Jay. 《Brain in the Gut》 (video). Your Health. Stanford Hospital.
↑ Martinucci, I.; ?. (2015). “Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders”. 《Pharmacogenomics》 16 (5): 523–539. doi:10.2217/pgs.15.12. PMID 25916523.
↑ Smitka, K.; ?. (2013). “The role of "mixed" orexigenic and anorexigenic signals and autoantibodies reacting with appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptides of the adipose tissue-gut-brain axis: Relevance to food intake and nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa”. 《Int J Endocrinol》 2013: 483145. doi:10.1155/2013/483145. PMC 3782835. PMID 24106499.
↑ Neunlist, Michel; Schemann, Michael (2014? 7? 15?). “Nutrient-induced changes in the phenotype and function of the enteric nervous system”. 《The Journal of Physiology》 (Wiley) 592 (14): 2959–2965. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272948. ISSN 0022-3751.
↑ Silverthorn, Dee U. (2007). 《Human Physiology》. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.
↑ Keet, A. D. “The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in health and disease”. 2013? 11? 18?? ???.
↑ Herman MA, Cruz MT, Sahibzada N, Verbalis J, Gillis RA (January 2009). “GABA signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarius sets the level of activity in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus cholinergic neurons in the vagovagal circuit”. 《Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.》 296 (1): G101–11. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90504.2008. PMC 2636929. PMID 19008339.
↑ Wood, JD; DH Alpers; PLR Andrews (1999). “Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology”. 《Gut》 45 (Suppl 2): 6–16. doi:10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii6. PMC 1766686. PMID 10457039.
↑ Kumar, A.; Rinwa P.; Sharma N. (2012). “Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review”. 《J Phys Pharm Adv》 2 (2): 97–108.
↑ DeVault KR, Castell DO (1999). “Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology”. 《Am J Gastroenterol》 94 (6): 1434–42. PMID 10364004.
↑ Linhares GK, Martins JL, Fontanezzi F, Patrício Fdos R, Montero EF (2007). “Do lesions of the enteric nervous system occur following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion?”. 《Acta Cir Bras》 22 (2): 120–4. doi:10.1590/S0102-86502007000200008. PMID 17375218.

?? ??

Grosell M, Farrell A P and Brauner C J (Eds) (2010) Fish Physiology: The Multifunctional Gut of Fish Academic Press. ISBN 9780080961361.
Gershon M. D. (1999), The Second Brain: A Groundbreaking New Understanding of Nervous Disorders of the Stomach and Intestine, Harper Perennial, ISBN 978-0060930721.

?? ??

Nosek, Thomas M. 〈Section 6/6ch2/s6ch2_29〉. 《Essentials of Human Physiology》. 2016? 3? 24?? ?? ???? ??? ??.

[Furness2008-1] ? ^? Furness, John Barton (2008? 4? 15?). 《The Enteric Nervous System》. John Wiley & Sons. 35–38?. ISBN 978-1-4051-7344-5.

[2] Dorland's (2012). 《Dorland's Illustrated Medical Dictionary》 32?. Elsevier Saunders. 1862?. ISBN 978-1-4160-6257-8.

[3] Pocock, G; Richards, C (2006). 《Human Physiology The Basis of Medicine》 Thi?. Oxford University Press. 63?. ISBN 978-0-19-856878-0. ???? ?? ?? ???: |name-list-style= (???)

[pmid18385256-4] Barlow AJ, Wallace AS, Thapar N, Burns AJ (May 2008). “Critical numbers of neural crest cells are required in the pathways from the neural tube to the foregut to ensure complete enteric nervous system formation”. 《Development》 135 (9): 1681–91. doi:10.1242/dev.017418. PMID 18385256.

[pmid16961690-5] Burns AJ, Thapar N (October 2006). “Advances in ontogeny of the enteric nervous system”. 《Neurogastroenterol. Motil.》 18 (10): 876–87. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2982.2006.00806.x. PMID 16961690. S2CID 34066966.

[Gershon-6] ? ^? Gershon, Michael (1998). 《The Second Brain》. New York: HarperCollins. 2–7?. ISBN 0-06-018252-0.

[amjphysgastro-7] ? ^? Li,Ying; Owyang,Chung (September 2003). “Musings on the Wanderer: What's New in Our Understanding of Vago-Vagal Reflexes? V. Remodeling of vagus and enteric neural circuitry after vagal injury”. 《American Journal of Physiology. Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology》 285 (3): G461–9. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.00119.2003. PMID 12909562.

[8] Pasricha, Pankaj Jay. “Stanford Hospital: Brain in the Gut - Your Health”. 《YouTube》.

[9] Martinucci, I; ?. (2015). “Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders”. 《Pharmacogenomics》 16 (5): 523–39. doi:10.2217/pgs.15.12. PMID 25916523.

[10] Smitka, K; ?. (2013). “The role of "mixed" orexigenic and anorexigenic signals and autoantibodies reacting with appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptides of the adipose tissue-gut-brain axis: relevance to food intake and nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa”. 《Int J Endocrinol》 2013: 483145. doi:10.1155/2013/483145. PMC 3782835. PMID 24106499.

[11] Young, Emma. “Gut Instincts: The secrets of your second brain”. 《New Scientist》. New Scientist. 2015? 4? 8?? ???. ; alternate source at website: “NeuroScienceStuff”. 4 May 2013? ?? ???? ??? ??.

[12] ??? ???, p. 921

[Saunders_Elsevier-13] ? ^? Hall, John E. (2011). 〈General Principles of Gastrointestinal Function〉. 《Guyton and Hal Textbook of Medical Physiology》 12?. Saunders Elsevier. 755?. ISBN 978-1416045748.

[urlThe_Enteric_Nervous_System-14] “The Enteric Nervous System”. 20 January 2019? ?? ???? ??? ??. 29 November 2008? ???.

[15] Ross, Michael H, and Wojciech Pawlina. Histology: A Text and Atlas with Correlated Cell and Molecular Biology. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2006

[16] "enteric nervous system" - ??? ????

[FOOTNOTEGershon199817-17] Gershon, 1998 & 17.

[18] Pasricha, Pankaj Jay. 《Brain in the Gut》 (video). Your Health. Stanford Hospital.

[19] Martinucci, I.; ?. (2015). “Genetics and pharmacogenetics of aminergic transmitter pathways in functional gastrointestinal disorders”. 《Pharmacogenomics》 16 (5): 523–539. doi:10.2217/pgs.15.12. PMID 25916523.

[20] Smitka, K.; ?. (2013). “The role of "mixed" orexigenic and anorexigenic signals and autoantibodies reacting with appetite-regulating neuropeptides and peptides of the adipose tissue-gut-brain axis: Relevance to food intake and nutritional status in patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa”. 《Int J Endocrinol》 2013: 483145. doi:10.1155/2013/483145. PMC 3782835. PMID 24106499.

[Neunlist_Schemann_pp._2959–2965-21] Neunlist, Michel; Schemann, Michael (2014? 7? 15?). “Nutrient-induced changes in the phenotype and function of the enteric nervous system”. 《The Journal of Physiology》 (Wiley) 592 (14): 2959–2965. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2014.272948. ISSN 0022-3751.

[22] Silverthorn, Dee U. (2007). 《Human Physiology》. San Francisco, CA: Pearson Education, Inc.

[23] Keet, A. D. “The Pyloric Sphincteric Cylinder in health and disease”. 2013? 11? 18?? ???.

[pmid19008339-24] Herman MA, Cruz MT, Sahibzada N, Verbalis J, Gillis RA (January 2009). “GABA signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarius sets the level of activity in dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus cholinergic neurons in the vagovagal circuit”. 《Am. J. Physiol. Gastrointest. Liver Physiol.》 296 (1): G101–11. doi:10.1152/ajpgi.90504.2008. PMC 2636929. PMID 19008339.

[25] Wood, JD; DH Alpers; PLR Andrews (1999). “Fundamentals of Neurogastroenterology”. 《Gut》 45 (Suppl 2): 6–16. doi:10.1136/gut.45.2008.ii6. PMC 1766686. PMID 10457039.

[26] Kumar, A.; Rinwa P.; Sharma N. (2012). “Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A Review”. 《J Phys Pharm Adv》 2 (2): 97–108.

[27] DeVault KR, Castell DO (1999). “Updated guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The Practice Parameters Committee of the American College of Gastroenterology”. 《Am J Gastroenterol》 94 (6): 1434–42. PMID 10364004.

[pmid17375218-28] Linhares GK, Martins JL, Fontanezzi F, Patrício Fdos R, Montero EF (2007). “Do lesions of the enteric nervous system occur following intestinal ischemia/reperfusion?”. 《Acta Cir Bras》 22 (2): 120–4. doi:10.1590/S0102-86502007000200008. PMID 17375218.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]

[13]

[14]

[15]

[16]

[17]

[18]

[19]

[20]

[21]

[22]

[23]

[24]

[25]

[26]

[27]

[28]

猜疑是什么意思	狗怕什么动物	宝珀手表属于什么档次	24k是什么意思	军校出来能干什么
降血脂吃什么	火龙果和什么相克	放线菌是什么	折耳猫什么颜色最贵	心脏为什么会突然刺痛
打狂犬疫苗挂什么科	木瓜是什么季节的水果	磨皮是什么意思	脸上黑色的小点是什么	鸽子吃什么食物
排骨炖什么	萘是什么	伤残鉴定什么时候做	吃什么东西可以减肥	gn是什么颜色

一吃东西就牙疼是什么原因引起的hcv7jop7ns2r.cn	毛豆是什么豆hcv9jop2ns8r.cn	静推是什么意思hcv9jop1ns5r.cn	一什么缸jasonfriends.com	什么是禽流感hcv9jop6ns6r.cn
fr是什么hcv8jop0ns0r.cn	什么是碳酸饮料hcv7jop5ns0r.cn	晚上8点到9点是什么时辰hcv8jop5ns6r.cn	什么人容易得多囊卵巢hcv8jop6ns9r.cn	血糖高吃什么主食hcv7jop5ns4r.cn
老师的老师叫什么hcv9jop4ns4r.cn	头疼头晕挂什么科hcv9jop6ns8r.cn	脸上过敏是什么症状hcv9jop3ns3r.cn	菟丝子是什么hcv8jop5ns2r.cn	艺五行属什么hcv9jop1ns9r.cn
手背上长痣代表什么beikeqingting.com	盐茶是什么茶hcv8jop1ns1r.cn	什么茶好喝又对身体好0735v.com	rag是什么意思hcv9jop2ns6r.cn	犬和狗有什么区别hcv9jop4ns6r.cn