????? ??

百度最后一只预告片出现SANRIO招牌角色。

????? ??(??: reverse citric acid cycle)? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?? ????. ???? ??(??: reverse Krebs cycle) ???????? ??(??: reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle), ?TCA ??(??: reverse TCA cycle), ??? ??????? ??(??: reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle), ??? TCA ??(??: reductive TCA cycle)??? ??.

????? ??? ???? ??? ????? ????. ???? ??? ????? ???? CO₂? H₂O? ????? ?? ????? ??? CO₂? H₂O? ???? ?? ???? ???. ? ??? ?? ??(?: ????(Aquificota))? ?? ???? ???? ? ????, ??? ?? ???? ??, ??? ?? ??????? ????.^[1]^[2] ? ??? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ? ? ??.

???? ???? ???

????? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ??? ???? ??. ????? ??? ???? ????, ???? ????, α-??????? ?????? ? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??.

????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?? ????.^[3] ??? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ???? α-??????? ?????? α-??????? ????? ?? ????.

???? α-????????? ???? ??? ???. ?? ???? ? ??? NADH? ??? ?????. ??? α-???????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? NADH?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??. ????? ???? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??.^[4]

?? ????? ???

? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ?????. ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ? ?? ??,^[5] ?? 2?? ? 3?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ??(???)? ?? ??? ? ??? ?? ????. ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ????.^[1] ??? ??? ?? ???? 1 M? ?? ?? 1 M? ??? 80~140?°C? ?? ?? ??? ??.^[6]

????? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ??? ????. ????? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ???? ????? ???? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???. ????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????? ? ?? ??? ??? ???. ????? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?? ???.^[7] ??? ???? ??, ????? ?? ? ????? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ? ??? ????. ??? ATP? ??? ????? ???? ????? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.^[8]

?? ??? ?? ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ????.^[9]^[10] ??????? ? ????? ??? ????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??????? ?? ? ??? ?? ??? ? ??.^[11] ???? ?? ????? ????? ???? ??? ???? ??? ???? ??? ????.^[12]

??? ???

????? ??? ???? ??????? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?????. ??? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ???? ? ??? ??. ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????? ????. ????? ???-CoA? ???? ?? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ????.^[13] ??? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ??.^[14]

???? ????? ??? ??

???????? ???????(Thiomicrospira denitrificans), ????? ?????(Candidatus Arcobacter), ?????? ???(Chlorobaculum tepidum)? ????? ??? ???? CO₂? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????. ????? ????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??????????? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ?????.^[15]

?? ??

??

↑ ^? ^? Evans MC, Buchanan BB, Arnon DI (April 1966). “A new ferredoxin-dependent carbon reduction cycle in a photosynthetic bacterium”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 55 (4): 928–934. Bibcode:1966PNAS...55..928E. doi:10.1073/pnas.55.4.928. PMC 224252. PMID 5219700.
↑ Buchanan BB, Arnon DI (1990). “A reverse KREBS cycle in photosynthesis: consensus at last”. 《Photosynthesis Research》 24: 47–53. doi:10.1007/BF00032643. PMID 11540925. S2CID 2753977.
↑ Bar-Even A, Noor E, Milo R (March 2012). “A survey of carbon fixation pathways through a quantitative lens”. 《Journal of Experimental Botany》 63 (6): 2325–2342. doi:10.1093/jxb/err417. PMID 22200662.
↑ Bar-Even A, Noor E, Milo R (March 2012). “A survey of carbon fixation pathways through a quantitative lens”. 《Journal of Experimental Botany》 63 (6): 2325–2342. doi:10.1093/jxb/err417. PMID 22200662.
↑ Zhang XV, Martin ST (December 2006). “Driving parts of Krebs cycle in reverse through mineral photochemistry”. 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》 128 (50): 16032–16033. doi:10.1021/ja066103k. PMID 17165745.
↑ Muchowska KB, Varma SJ, Chevallot-Beroux E, Lethuillier-Karl L, Li G, Moran J (November 2017). “Metals promote sequences of the reverse Krebs cycle”. 《Nature Ecology & Evolution》 (??) 1 (11): 1716–1721. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0311-7. PMC 5659384. PMID 28970480.
↑ Ross DS (February 2007). “The viability of a nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle--kinetics and thermochemistry”. 《Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere》 37 (1): 61–65. Bibcode:2007OLEB...37...61R. doi:10.1007/s11084-006-9017-6. PMID 17136437. S2CID 2208326.
↑ Muchowska, Kamila B.; Varma, Sreejith J.; Moran, Joseph (2019? 5? 1?). “Synthesis and breakdown of universal metabolic precursors promoted by iron”. 《Nature》 (??) 569 (7754): 104–107. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1151-1. ISSN 1476-4687.
↑ Harrison SA, Palmeira RN, Halpern A, Lane N (November 2022). “A biophysical basis for the emergence of the genetic code in protocells”. 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Bioenergetics》 1863 (8): 148597. doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148597. PMID 35868450.
↑ Muchowska KB, Varma SJ, Moran J (August 2020). “Nonenzymatic Metabolic Reactions and Life's Origins”. 《Chemical Reviews》 120 (15): 7708–7744. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00191. PMID 32687326.
↑ Akbari A, Palsson BO (May 2023). “Metabolic homeostasis and growth in abiotic cells”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 120 (19): e2300687120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2300687120. PMC 10175716 |pmc= ? ?? ?? (???). PMID 37126695.
↑ Ju, Yun; Zhang, Hong; Jiang, Yanxiao; Wang, Wenxin; Kan, Guangfeng; Yu, Kai; Wang, Xiaofei; Liu, Jilin; Jiang, Jie (2023? 9? 7?). “Aqueous microdroplets promote C–C bond formation and sequences in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle”. 《Nature Ecology & Evolution》 (??): 1–11. doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02193-8. ISSN 2397-334X.
↑ Filipp FV, Scott DA, Ronai ZA, Osterman AL, Smith JW (May 2012). “Reverse TCA cycle flux through isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 is required for lipogenesis in hypoxic melanoma cells”. 《Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research》 25 (3): 375–383. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2012.00989.x. PMC 3329592. PMID 22360810.
↑ Wise DR, Ward PS, Shay JE, Cross JR, Gruber JJ, Sachdeva UM, ?. (December 2011). “Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 108 (49): 19611–19616. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10819611W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117773108. PMC 3241793. PMID 22106302.
↑ Hügler M, Wirsen CO, Fuchs G, Taylor CD, Sievert SM (May 2005). “Evidence for autotrophic CO2 fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle by members of the epsilon subdivision of proteobacteria”. 《Journal of Bacteriology》 187 (9): 3020–3027. doi:10.1128/JB.187.9.3020-3027.2005. PMC 1082812. PMID 15838028.

[:0-1] ? ^? Evans MC, Buchanan BB, Arnon DI (April 1966). “A new ferredoxin-dependent carbon reduction cycle in a photosynthetic bacterium”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 55 (4): 928–934. Bibcode:1966PNAS...55..928E. doi:10.1073/pnas.55.4.928. PMC 224252. PMID 5219700.

[2] Buchanan BB, Arnon DI (1990). “A reverse KREBS cycle in photosynthesis: consensus at last”. 《Photosynthesis Research》 24: 47–53. doi:10.1007/BF00032643. PMID 11540925. S2CID 2753977.

[Bar-EvenNoor20123-3] Bar-Even A, Noor E, Milo R (March 2012). “A survey of carbon fixation pathways through a quantitative lens”. 《Journal of Experimental Botany》 63 (6): 2325–2342. doi:10.1093/jxb/err417. PMID 22200662.

[Bar-EvenNoor2012-4] Bar-Even A, Noor E, Milo R (March 2012). “A survey of carbon fixation pathways through a quantitative lens”. 《Journal of Experimental Botany》 63 (6): 2325–2342. doi:10.1093/jxb/err417. PMID 22200662.

[5] Zhang XV, Martin ST (December 2006). “Driving parts of Krebs cycle in reverse through mineral photochemistry”. 《Journal of the American Chemical Society》 128 (50): 16032–16033. doi:10.1021/ja066103k. PMID 17165745.

[6] Muchowska KB, Varma SJ, Chevallot-Beroux E, Lethuillier-Karl L, Li G, Moran J (November 2017). “Metals promote sequences of the reverse Krebs cycle”. 《Nature Ecology & Evolution》 (??) 1 (11): 1716–1721. doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0311-7. PMC 5659384. PMID 28970480.

[7] Ross DS (February 2007). “The viability of a nonenzymatic reductive citric acid cycle--kinetics and thermochemistry”. 《Origins of Life and Evolution of the Biosphere》 37 (1): 61–65. Bibcode:2007OLEB...37...61R. doi:10.1007/s11084-006-9017-6. PMID 17136437. S2CID 2208326.

[8] Muchowska, Kamila B.; Varma, Sreejith J.; Moran, Joseph (2019? 5? 1?). “Synthesis and breakdown of universal metabolic precursors promoted by iron”. 《Nature》 (??) 569 (7754): 104–107. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1151-1. ISSN 1476-4687.

[9] Harrison SA, Palmeira RN, Halpern A, Lane N (November 2022). “A biophysical basis for the emergence of the genetic code in protocells”. 《Biochimica et Biophysica Acta. Bioenergetics》 1863 (8): 148597. doi:10.1016/j.bbabio.2022.148597. PMID 35868450.

[10] Muchowska KB, Varma SJ, Moran J (August 2020). “Nonenzymatic Metabolic Reactions and Life's Origins”. 《Chemical Reviews》 120 (15): 7708–7744. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c00191. PMID 32687326.

[11] Akbari A, Palsson BO (May 2023). “Metabolic homeostasis and growth in abiotic cells”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 120 (19): e2300687120. doi:10.1073/pnas.2300687120. PMC 10175716 |pmc= ? ?? ?? (???). PMID 37126695.

[12] Ju, Yun; Zhang, Hong; Jiang, Yanxiao; Wang, Wenxin; Kan, Guangfeng; Yu, Kai; Wang, Xiaofei; Liu, Jilin; Jiang, Jie (2023? 9? 7?). “Aqueous microdroplets promote C–C bond formation and sequences in the reverse tricarboxylic acid cycle”. 《Nature Ecology & Evolution》 (??): 1–11. doi:10.1038/s41559-023-02193-8. ISSN 2397-334X.

[13] Filipp FV, Scott DA, Ronai ZA, Osterman AL, Smith JW (May 2012). “Reverse TCA cycle flux through isocitrate dehydrogenases 1 and 2 is required for lipogenesis in hypoxic melanoma cells”. 《Pigment Cell & Melanoma Research》 25 (3): 375–383. doi:10.1111/j.1755-148X.2012.00989.x. PMC 3329592. PMID 22360810.

[14] Wise DR, Ward PS, Shay JE, Cross JR, Gruber JJ, Sachdeva UM, ?. (December 2011). “Hypoxia promotes isocitrate dehydrogenase-dependent carboxylation of α-ketoglutarate to citrate to support cell growth and viability”. 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》 108 (49): 19611–19616. Bibcode:2011PNAS..10819611W. doi:10.1073/pnas.1117773108. PMC 3241793. PMID 22106302.

[15] Hügler M, Wirsen CO, Fuchs G, Taylor CD, Sievert SM (May 2005). “Evidence for autotrophic CO2 fixation via the reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle by members of the epsilon subdivision of proteobacteria”. 《Journal of Bacteriology》 187 (9): 3020–3027. doi:10.1128/JB.187.9.3020-3027.2005. PMC 1082812. PMID 15838028.

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