成亲现场大妈强压新人头行礼 新娘怒摔捧花痛哭新郎大妈新娘
?????(??: enolase) ?? ??????? ????(??: phosphopyruvate hydratase) (EC 4.2.1.11)? ????? 9?? ??? ????, 2-????????? ??????????? ????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??.
- 2-???????? ? ????????? + H2O
?????? ???? ??? ???, ?? ??-?? ??? ???? ????-????? ???. ? ??? ???? 2-???-D-????? ????-???? (?????????-??)(??: 2-phospho-D-glycerate hydro-lyase (phosphoenolpyruvate-forming))??.
??? ?? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?????.[1] ??? ?????? ?? pH? 6.5??.[2] ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?????? 1934?? ??(Lohmann)? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????,[3] ?? ??? ??? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?????.[2] ???? ????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ENO3 ??? ???? ??? X?? ??? ??.
????
[??]???? α, β, γ? 3?? ????? ????? ???, ?? ??? ???? ?? ????? ???, ?? ???? αα, αβ, αγ, ββ, γγ? 5??? ?? ?? ????? ????.[1][4] ?? ????? ? ????? 3??(αα, ββ, γγ)? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????.
- αα ?? ??? ?????? ????? 1???? ??. ????? 1? ?, ?, ??, ??, ?? ??? ??? ??? ???? ????. ????? 1? ?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????.
- ββ ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? 3???? ??. ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?? ????, ??? ?? ?? ???? ????.
- γγ ?? ?? ??? ?????? ????? 2??? ??. ????? 2? ?? ? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????, ? ??? ???? 3%? ??? ? ??. ????? 2? ???? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???? ????.
??? ??? ??? ?, ??? ?????? ?????(heterodimer)? ???? ????.
??
[??]?????? ??? ????? ?????? ????. ?????? ???? ????? ??? ?? 82,000-100,000 Da??.[1][2] ??? ??-???????, 2?? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ? ????? Glu20? Arg414? ?? ??? ????.[1] ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ???? ??. ? ?? N-?? ???? 3?? α-?? ? 4?? β-??? ???? ??.[1][4] ? ? C ?? ???? 2?? β-??? ???? ??? 2?? α-???? ????, β-??? α-???? ?????? ??? β-??? α-??? ????? ??? ??? ???.[1][4] ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ? ??? ??? ??? ??? ????? ????.
?????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ??? 5?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ????. ???? ?????? ???? ?, Glu168, Glu211, Lys345 ?? Lys396 ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ?????.[1] ??, His159? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? 0.01%? ??? ??.[1] ?????? ???? ??? ?? ???? 2?? Mg2+ ?? ????, ?? ??? ???? ?????? ??? ??.[1][4]
??? ???????? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ????(moonlighting) ??? ??? ?? ?? ? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????.[5][6]
????
[??]
???? ??? ??? 2-????????? ???????????? ?? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? E1cB-?? ???? ????.[7] ??? ??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??.[1][8][9][10][11][12][13] ??? 2-????????? α-?????? ??? ?, 2-????????? ????? ??? ?? ???? 2?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ??. ?? ?? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??? ???? ??????. ?????? Lys345? ?? ??? ????????, ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ?? ??? ?? ?????. ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? C3 ?? ????? Glu211? ???? ?? ????, ?????????? ????.
??, ?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????. ??? α-???????, ??? 2?? ?? ???? ??, Gln167 ? Lys396?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??? ????. ??? ???? ?? Ser36?? His43??, Ser158?? Gly162?, Asp255?? Asn256?? ???? Ser39? Mg2+? ???? ?? ??? ??? ? ??. ?? ???? ???? ??? ???, His159? ?? ?????? ???? ? Arg374.?? ????? ?? ??? ?? ??? pKa? ????. Arg374? ?? ?? ??? Lys345? ???????? ??, ??????? ??? ???? ?? Lys345? ?????.
???
[??]??? ?? ????, ?? ??? ? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ??? ??????. ?? ??, ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ??? ?? ???(?????, ???? ????, ???? ???? ? ?? ?????)?? ??????? ? ?? ????? ???.[14] ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ?????. ???? ??-??? ?????, ?? ??-??? ????? ? ???? ????(BB?)? ??? ??? ???? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?????.[15] ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??-??? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???.[16]
α-?????? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??.[17]
???
[??]?????? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????? ??? ??(?? ???)? ???? ???, ???? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ??.[18][19] ???? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???, ?????? ?????? ??? ????.[20][21] ?? ? ?? ??? ?? ????????????????,[21] ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? pM ???? ???. ???????????????? 2-????????? ????????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ????? ????. ? ???? ?????? ???,[22] ?? ???? ???? ????? 1p36 ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ENO1 ???? ?? ?? ??(????)? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ? ???? ????? ??? ???.[23] ?? ??? ???? ?? ?? ?? ? ?? ?? ??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? SF2312 (CAS 107729-45-3)[24]? ???????????????(4za0)? ??? ???? ???? ?????(4zcw)? ??? ?????.[25] ????? ???? ENOblock[19]? ??? ?????? ???? ??????, ???? ??? ????? ??, ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ??? ????.[26] ENOblock? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ??? ??? ????.[27] ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? ENOblock? ???? ??, ??? ?? ? ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ????.[27] ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ??.[28]
??????? ?????? ??? 2-????????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??. ??????? ???? ? ??? ???? ??? ? ???, ?? 2-???????? ??? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ??.[2] ? ??? ??? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ? ??.[29]
?? ??
[??]??
[??]- ↑ ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Pancholi V (June 2001). “Multifunctional alpha-enolase: its role in diseases”. 《Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences》 58 (7): 902–20. doi:10.1007/PL00000910. PMID 11497239. 2013? 1? 5?? ?? ???? ??? ??.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? Hoorn RK, Flickweert JP, Staal GE (1974). “Purification and properties of enolase of human erythroctyes”. 《Int J Biochem》 5 (11–12): 845–52. doi:10.1016/0020-711X(74)90119-0. hdl:1874/18158.
- ↑ Lohman K & Meyerhof O (1934) über die enzymatische umwandlung von phosphoglyzerins?ure in brenztraubens?ure und phosphors?ure (Enzymatic transformation of phosphoglyceric acid into pyruvic and phosphoric acid). Biochem Z 273, 60–72.
- ↑ ? ? ? ? Peshavaria M, Day IN (April 1991). “Molecular structure of the human muscle-specific enolase gene (ENO3)”. 《The Biochemical Journal》 275 (Pt 2): 427–33. doi:10.1042/bj2750427. PMC 1150071. PMID 1840492.
- ↑ Ehinger S, Schubert WD, Bergmann S, Hammerschmidt S, Heinz DW (October 2004). “Plasmin(ogen)-binding alpha-enolase from Streptococcus pneumoniae: crystal structure and evaluation of plasmin(ogen)-binding sites”. 《Journal of Molecular Biology》 343 (4): 997–1005. doi:10.1016/j.jmb.2004.08.088. PMID 15476816.
- ↑ Raghunathan K, Harris PT, Spurbeck RR, Arvidson CG, Arvidson DN (June 2014). “Crystal structure of an efficacious gonococcal adherence inhibitor: an enolase from Lactobacillus gasseri”. 《FEBS Letters》 588 (14): 2212–6. doi:10.1016/j.febslet.2014.05.020. PMID 24859038.
- ↑ Dinovo EC, Boyer PD (1971). “Isotopic probes of the enolase reaction mechanism”. 《J Biol Chem》 240: 4586–93.
- ↑ Poyner RR, Laughlin LT, Sowa GA, Reed GH (February 1996). “Toward identification of acid/base catalysts in the active site of enolase: comparison of the properties of K345A, E168Q, and E211Q variants”. 《Biochemistry》 35 (5): 1692–9. doi:10.1021/bi952186y. PMID 8634301.
- ↑ Reed GH, Poyner RR, Larsen TM, Wedekind JE, Rayment I (December 1996). “Structural and mechanistic studies of enolase”. 《Current Opinion in Structural Biology》 6 (6): 736–43. doi:10.1016/S0959-440X(96)80002-9. PMID 8994873.
- ↑ Wedekind JE, Reed GH, Rayment I (April 1995). “Octahedral coordination at the high-affinity metal site in enolase: crystallographic analysis of the MgII--enzyme complex from yeast at 1.9 A resolution”. 《Biochemistry》 34 (13): 4325–30. doi:10.1021/bi00013a022. PMID 7703246.
- ↑ Wedekind JE, Poyner RR, Reed GH, Rayment I (August 1994). “Chelation of serine 39 to Mg2+ latches a gate at the active site of enolase: structure of the bis(Mg2+) complex of yeast enolase and the intermediate analog phosphonoacetohydroxamate at 2.1-A resolution”. 《Biochemistry》 33 (31): 9333–42. doi:10.1021/bi00197a038. PMID 8049235.
- ↑ Larsen TM, Wedekind JE, Rayment I, Reed GH (April 1996). “A carboxylate oxygen of the substrate bridges the magnesium ions at the active site of enolase: structure of the yeast enzyme complexed with the equilibrium mixture of 2-phosphoglycerate and phosphoenolpyruvate at 1.8 A resolution”. 《Biochemistry》 35 (14): 4349–58. doi:10.1021/bi952859c. PMID 8605183.
- ↑ Duquerroy S, Camus C, Janin J (October 1995). “X-ray structure and catalytic mechanism of lobster enolase”. 《Biochemistry》 34 (39): 12513–23. doi:10.1021/bi00039a005. PMID 7547999.
- ↑ Royds JA, Timperley WR, Taylor CB (December 1981). “Levels of enolase and other enzymes in the cerebrospinal fluid as indices of pathological change”. 《Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry》 44 (12): 1129–35. doi:10.1136/jnnp.44.12.1129. PMC 491233. PMID 7334408.
- ↑ Roine RO, Somer H, Kaste M, Viinikka L, Karonen SL (July 1989). “Neurological outcome after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Prediction by cerebrospinal fluid enzyme analysis”. 《Archives of Neurology》 46 (7): 753–6. doi:10.1001/archneur.1989.00520430047015. PMID 2742544.
- ↑ Hay E, Royds JA, Davies-Jones GA, Lewtas NA, Timperley WR, Taylor CB (July 1984). “Cerebrospinal fluid enolase in stroke”. 《Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry》 47 (7): 724–9. doi:10.1136/jnnp.47.7.724. PMC 1027902. PMID 6747647.
- ↑ Fujii A, Yoneda M, Ito T, Yamamura O, Satomi S, Higa H, Kimura A, Suzuki M, Yamashita M, Yuasa T, Suzuki H, Kuriyama M (May 2005). “Autoantibodies against the amino terminal of alpha-enolase are a useful diagnostic marker of Hashimoto's encephalopathy”. 《Journal of Neuroimmunology》 162 (1–2): 130–6. doi:10.1016/j.jneuroim.2005.02.004. PMID 15833368.
- ↑ Anderson VE, Weiss PM, Cleland WW (June 1984). “Reaction intermediate analogues for enolase”. 《Biochemistry》 23 (12): 2779–86. doi:10.1021/bi00307a038. PMID 6380574.
- ↑ ? ? Jung DW, Kim WH, Park SH, Lee J, Kim J, Su D, Ha HH, Chang YT, Williams DR. (2013? 4? 2?). “A unique small molecule inhibitor of enolase clarifies its role in fundamental biological processes.”. 《ACS Chemical Biology》 8 (6): 1271–1282. doi:10.1021/cb300687k. PMID 23547795.
- ↑ Poyner RR, Reed GH (August 1992). “Structure of the bis divalent cation complex with phosphonoacetohydroxamate at the active site of enolase”. 《Biochemistry》 31 (31): 7166–73. doi:10.1021/bi00146a020. PMID 1322695.
- ↑ ? ? Zhang E, Hatada M, Brewer JM, Lebioda L (May 1994). “Catalytic metal ion binding in enolase: the crystal structure of an enolase-Mn2+-phosphonoacetohydroxamate complex at 2.4-A resolution”. 《Biochemistry》 33 (20): 6295–300. doi:10.1021/bi00186a032. PMID 8193144.
- ↑ Muller FL, Colla S, Aquilanti E, Manzo VE, Genovese G, Lee J, Eisenson D, Narurkar R, Deng P, Nezi L, Lee MA, Hu B, Hu J, Sahin E, Ong D, Fletcher-Sananikone E, Ho D, Kwong L, Brennan C, Wang YA, Chin L, DePinho RA (August 2012). “Passenger deletions generate therapeutic vulnerabilities in cancer”. 《Nature》 488 (7411): 337–42. doi:10.1038/nature11331. PMC 3712624. PMID 22895339.
- ↑ Watanabe H, Yoshida J, Tanaka E, Ito M, Miyadoh S, Shomura T. (1986). “Studies on a new phosphonic acid antibiotic, SF-2312.”. 《Sci Rep Meiji Seika Kaisha.》 25: 12–17.
- ↑ Leonard PG, Satani N, Maxwell D, Lin YH, Hammoudi N, Peng Z, Pisaneschi F, Link TM, Lee GR, Sun D, Prasad BA, Di Francesco ME, Czako B, Asara JM, Wang YA, Bornmann W, DePinho RA, Muller FL (December 2016). “SF2312 is a natural phosphonate inhibitor of enolase”. 《Nature Chemical Biology》 12 (12): 1053–1058. doi:10.1038/nchembio.2195. PMC 5110371. PMID 27723749.
- ↑ Satani N, Lin YH, Hammoudi N, Raghavan S, Georgiou DK, Muller FL. (2016? 12? 28?). “ENOblock Does Not Inhibit the Activity of the Glycolytic Enzyme Enolase.”. 《PLOS ONE》 11 (12): e0168739. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0168739. PMC 5193436. PMID 28030597.
- ↑ ? ? Cho H, Um J, Lee JH, Kim WH, Kang WS, Kim SH, Ha HH, Kim YC, Ahn YK, Jung DW, Williams DR. (2017? 3? 8?). “ENOblock, a unique small molecule inhibitor of the non-glycolytic functions of enolase, alleviates the symptoms of type 2 diabetes.”. 《Scientific Reports》 7: 44186. doi:10.1038/srep44186. PMC 5341156. PMID 28272459.
- ↑ Pietkiewicz J, Gamian A, Staniszewska M, Danielewicz R. (2009? 4? 29?). “Inhibition of human muscle-specific enolase by methylglyoxal and irreversible formation of advanced glycation end products.”. 《J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem》 24 (2): 356–364. doi:10.1080/14756360802187679. PMID 18830874.
- ↑ Hüther FJ, Psarros N, Duschner H (April 1990). “Isolation, characterization, and inhibition kinetics of enolase from Streptococcus rattus FA-1”. 《Infection and Immunity》 58 (4): 1043–7. PMC 258580. PMID 2318530.
? ????
[??]- Holt A, Wold F (December 1961). “The isolation and characterization of rabbit muscle enolase”. 《The Journal of Biological Chemistry》 236: 3227–31. PMID 13908561.
- Boyer, P.D., Lardy, H. and Myrback, K. (Eds.), The Enzymes, 2nd ed., vol. 5, Academic Press, New York, 1961, p. 471-494.
- Westhead EW, Mclain G (August 1964). “A purification of brewers' and bakers' yeast enolase yielding a single active component”. 《The Journal of Biological Chemistry》 239: 2464–8. PMID 14235523.