esp是什么意思





??????? ??? ???(radioisotope thermoelectric generator, RTG)? ??? ???? ???? ????, ??? ??? ? ????. ??????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ??? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???. RTG? ???? ??? ??? ? ???, ?? ????, ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??. RTG? ?? ????? ? ?? ???, ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ? ????? ??? ??? ? ??.
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RTG? ???? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ??: ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ????? ?? ?? ??? ????, ? ?? ???? ???-?? ??? ??? ? ???? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ???, ??? ???? ???? ???? ??. ???? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??? ?? ????, ? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ???? ??.
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[??]RTG? ???? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??:
- ???? ??, ???? ?? ????? ???? ??, ?? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??.
- ????? ?????, ??? ????? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ???? ???? ?? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ???? ??.
- RTG? ??? ???????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???? ??. ???????? ???? ???? ??, ????? ?? X?? ???? X?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ??. ?? ????? ????? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?????? ? ??.
??? RTG? ????? ????? 238Pu? ?????, 238Pu? ???? 87.7???. RTG? ???? ????? 1? ?? ??? ?? 0.787%? ????. ???, ??? ???? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ???? ??.
??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ????? ? 30?? ???, ??? ???? 238, ??-244 ??? ????-90? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??????. ???, ???-210, ????-147, ??-137, ??-144, ???-106, ???-60, ??-242?? ??? ????? ???? ??. 238Pu, 244Cm, 90Sr? 3?? ??? ????, ?? 238Pu? ???? 87.7??? ? ???, 2.5mm? ??? ??? ????? ??? ??. 238Pu? RTG?? ?? ?? ????, ???? ????(PuO2)??? ?? ???, ???? ???? ??? ??? ??? ??. ????? ??? RTG?? 90Sr? ?????, ???? 90? ??? ??? ??, ???? ????? ????-238?? ??? ??? ??? ??.
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[??]? ?? RTG? ?? ???? 4A? ?? SNAP 3??. ??? ??? ??? RTG? ??? 1966? ? ??? ???? ???? ? ?? ???? ?????. ? RTG? 1995?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?????.
????? RTG? ???? ????. ??? ?? ???? ????(Systems Nuclear Auxiliary Power Program, SNAP)? ????? 10, 11?, ??? 1·2?, ????, ????, ???, ????? ??? ?? ????? ? ? ?? ???? ?? ????? ?????. ?? RTG? ??? ???? ??? ?????, ??? 12??? 17??? ?? ???? ???? ???? ???. RTG? ??? ????, ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ??. ?? ????? ?? ?????? ??? RORSAT ???? ??? SNAP-10A? ?? ??? ???? ??? ??.
RTG? ????? ?? ?? ???, ????? RTG? ???? ?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????[1]. ? RTG?? ????-90 (90Sr)? ????, ?? ?? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?????. ???, ? ??? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??. ??? ??? ??? RTG?? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???, ?? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???. ?? ??? ???????? ???? ??? ? ??, ???? ??? ??? ????.
RTG? ?? ????? ?? ? ??? Top-ROCK? Save-Igloo ?? ????? ??? ???? ??.[1] ??? 2025-08-05 - ??? ??
?? ?? "???? ??" (???? 238Pu? ???? ?? RTG)? ???????? ??????, 2004? ? 90?? ???????? ??? RTG? ???? ??. ?? ? ???????? ????? ?? ?, ???????? ???? ?? ???? ??, RTG? ??? ?? ?? ??. ???, ????? ????? ?? ??, ????? ?? ??? ?? ?? ??. ??? ? ????-238? ????-239?? ? ??? ? ???, ??? ????? ????? ??? ???, ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???.
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[??]- ↑ “Bellona report on Russian RTGs”. 2006? 6? 13?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2013? 6? 13?? ???.
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[??]- Safety discussion of the RTGs used on the Cassini-Huygens mission.
- Bellona's report on RTG lighthouses.
- Nuclear Power in Space (PDF)
- Detailed report on Cassini RTG (PDF)
- Detailed lecture on RTG fuels (PDF) ??? 2025-08-05 - ??? ??
- Detailed chart of all radioisotopes
- Stirling Thermoelectic Generator
- Toxicity profile for plutonium,Agency for Toxic substances and Disease Registry, U.S. Public Health Service, December 1990
- Environmental Impact of Cassini-Huygens Mission.
- Expanding Frontiers with Radioisotope Power Systems (PDF)
- ???????? ?????? RTG ?? ??? 2025-08-05 - ??? ??
?? ??
[??]- NASA JPL briefing, Expanding Frontiers with Radioisotope Power Systems - gives RTG information and a link to a longer presentation
- SpaceViews: The Cassini RTG Debate
- Stirling Radioisotope Generator