?? ???? ?

?? ???? ?; ???? ????? ???
????? ?7? ??? ;
??	1988? 8? 17?~1993? 7? 18?
??	???? ??; ?? ???? ???(??); ??? ???; ??? ?? ???(??); ??? ???
	??: ???? ?????(?6?) ??: ??? ???(?8?)
	????
???	1915? 1? 20?
???	??? ?? ????? ??
???	2006? 10? 27?(91?)
???	???? ????? ????
??	????
??	???? ???
??	????

百度根据周恩来的意见，参观项目调整为双龙洞小型水电站。

?? ???? ?(????: ???? ????? ???, ??: Ghulam Ishaq Khan, 1915? 1? 20? ~ 2006? 10? 27?)? ????? ?7? ???? ?? ???, ???? ?????? ?? ??? 1988?? 1993?? ??? ??? ?????. ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ? ???? ?????.

???? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? 1947? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ????. 1961? ??? ? ???? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ???? ??? ?? ???? ?? 1966??? 1970??? ?? ??? ????. 1? ?, ?? 1975? ????? ?? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? 1977?? ????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????, ??? ?? ?? GDP ?? ??? ????. 1985? ?? ???? ??? ?? 1988? 8? 17? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ? ?????? ?????. ?? 12? 13? ???? ??? ????? ???? ???? ?? ??? ????? ?????.

???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ??, ???? ??? ???? ???? ?????. ?????, ?? ??? ????? ??? ?? ??? ????, ???? ?? ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ????? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ????. ?? ?? ?? ?8?? ????, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ?? 20?? ?? ???? ??? ????. ???? 1990?? ??? ??????, ?? 3? ? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ???? ??? ?????, ?? ??? ?? 1993? ? ?? ?? ???? ???.

???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ?? GIK ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ???? 2006? ???? ????. ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??? ????. ?? ???? ?? ???? ?????, ? ??? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???.^[1]

?? ?? ? ??

?? ???? ?? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??????? ????.^[1]^[2] ?? ????? ???????. ?? ??? ????? ??? ?????. ?? ??? ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???, ? ?? ??? ? ??? ???? ??? ????? ? ??????. ?? ?? ? ? ?? ANP? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ?? ????.^[3]

???? ??? ?? ?, ?? ???? ???? ???? ?? ????? ??? ???? ?? ????. ?? ???^[1] ?????^[1]^[4] ? ?? ?? ??? ???.

??? ?? ??? ??? ?? 1941? ?? ????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ????.^[4] 1947? ?? ?, ?? ????? ???? 1947? ?????? ?? ??? ???? ?????. ?? 1955??? ?? ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????.^[1]

????

?? ???? ???(PPP)?? ?? ??? ??? ?? PPP ????? ??? ??? ????.^[5] ?? ???? 608?? ???? ? ?? ?? ???? ????, ?? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????(IDA)? ??? ???.^[5] ??? ?? ??, ?? ????? ??? ???? ???.^[6]

?????? ?? ???? ?? ?? ?8?? ??? ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????.^[5] ???, ?? ? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ?? ? ???? ?? ??? ??? ???.^[5] ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ???? ????. ?? ??? ??? ????? ?? ??? ??? ? ????? ??? ?? ????? ??? ????, ?? ?? ?????.^[7] ?? ??? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????? ? ?? ??? ?????.^[7] 1990??? ?? ??? 21?? 30 ??? ??? 30% ??? ?? ?? ???.^[7]

?? ???? ???????? ???? ?? ??? ?, ? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????.^[7] ???, ?? ??? ???? ????.^[8]

????, ?? ? ??

1988?, ?? ??, ?? ? ?? ????? ???? ?? ???? ? ?? ???? ????.^[3] ? ??? ????????(BCCI)? ??? ???? ?????.^[7] ?? ??? ???? ?? PAEC ???? ???? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?? ??? ?? ????.^[7]

?? ????? ?? ?? ???? ???? ????? ?? 1993?? ?? ???? ??? ???? ???? ??? ????.^[9] ?? ?? ???? ???? ?? ? ?? ?? ???? ??? ???.^[5] 2006? 10? 27? ?? ???? ????.^[3]

??

↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Staff report (2006? 10? 28?). “Obituary: Ghulam Ishaq Khan”. 《The Telegraph》. 2012? 10? 19?? ???.
↑ “Ghulam Ishaq Khan”. 《Pakistan Herald》. 2012? 6? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2012? 10? 19?? ???.
↑ ^? ^? ^? Intikhab Amir (2006? 10? 28?). “Ghulam Ishaq Khan passes away”. Dawn Newspaper, Pakistan. 2006? 10? 28?? ???.
↑ ^? ^? Khan, A. Q. (2015? 1? 26?). “An indomitable man”. 《Special biographical accounts by Dr. A. Q. Khan, published at the News International》 (News International, 2015). News International, 2015. 2015? 7? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 1? 26?? ???.
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Story of Pakistan Press Foundation (June 2003). “Ghulam Ishaq Khan becomes President”. 《storyofpakistan》. Story of Pakistan Press Foundation. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.
↑ “Mamnoon Hussain becomes president at age of 73.5 years”. 《thenews.com.pk》. 2018? 9? 8?? ???.
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Russell, James A. (2006). 《Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East directions and policy options in the new century》 1?. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403977240. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.
↑ de Hoyos, Linda (1993? 4? 16?). “Pakistan in iron grip of Ghulam Ishaq Khan” (PDF). Washington DC: EIR Archives. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.
↑ Staff (2006? 10? 30?). “Quiet' president of Pakistan who sacked two prime ministers”. 《Independent, UK》. 2012? 10? 20?? ???.

?? ??

Ghulam Ishaq Khan Profile ??? 2025-08-06 - ??? ?? Story of Pakistan
Ghulam Ishaq Khan taking oath as the President of Pakistan ??? 2025-08-06 - ??? ??
In depth history of Khan's presidency
BBC News report of his death
"Ghulam Ishaq Khan passes away" Report on the Dawn Newspaper website
Chacko, Arun (1992? 1? 31?). “With President Ghulam Ishaq Khan losing ground, new equations are being thrashed out”. 《India Today》.

??
???? ?????

?7? ????? ???
1988?~1993?

??
??? ???

[Telegraph_UK-1] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? Staff report (2006? 10? 28?). “Obituary: Ghulam Ishaq Khan”. 《The Telegraph》. 2012? 10? 19?? ???.

[Pakistan_Herald-2] “Ghulam Ishaq Khan”. 《Pakistan Herald》. 2012? 6? 29?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2012? 10? 19?? ???.

[newPaper_dawn-3] ? ^? ^? Intikhab Amir (2006? 10? 28?). “Ghulam Ishaq Khan passes away”. Dawn Newspaper, Pakistan. 2006? 10? 28?? ???.

[News_International,_2015-4] ? ^? Khan, A. Q. (2015? 1? 26?). “An indomitable man”. 《Special biographical accounts by Dr. A. Q. Khan, published at the News International》 (News International, 2015). News International, 2015. 2015? 7? 26?? ?? ???? ??? ??. 2015? 1? 26?? ???.

[Story_of_Pakistan_Press_Foundation-5] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? Story of Pakistan Press Foundation (June 2003). “Ghulam Ishaq Khan becomes President”. 《storyofpakistan》. Story of Pakistan Press Foundation. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.

[6] “Mamnoon Hussain becomes president at age of 73.5 years”. 《thenews.com.pk》. 2018? 9? 8?? ???.

[Palgrave_Macmillan-7] ? ^? ^? ^? ^? ^? Russell, James A. (2006). 《Proliferation of weapons of mass destruction in the Middle East directions and policy options in the new century》 1?. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire, England: Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 1403977240. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.

[EIR_Archives-8] Hoyos, Linda (1993? 4? 16?). “Pakistan in iron grip of Ghulam Ishaq Khan” (PDF). Washington DC: EIR Archives. 2015? 1? 27?? ???.

[Independent,_UK-9] Staff (2006? 10? 30?). “Quiet' president of Pakistan who sacked two prime ministers”. 《Independent, UK》. 2012? 10? 20?? ???.

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[2]

[3]

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