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| IUPAC ?? | |||
??
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3D ?? (JSmol)
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| ChEBI | |||
| ChemSpider | |||
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.000.747 | ||
| EC ?? |
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| KEGG | |||
| MeSH | Hydrogen+Cyanide | ||
PubChem CID
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| RTECS ?? |
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| UNII | |||
| UN ?? | 1051 | ||
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
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| ?? | |||
| HCN | |||
| ? ?? | 27.0253 g/mol | ||
| ??? | Colorless liquid or gas | ||
| ?? | Oil of bitter almond | ||
| ?? | 0.6876 g cm?3[3] | ||
| ??? | ?13.29 °C (8.08 °F; 259.86 K)[3] | ||
| ??? | 26 °C (79 °F; 299 K)[3] | ||
| Miscible | |||
| ?????? ??? | Miscible | ||
| ?? ?? | 100 kPa (25 °C)[4] | ||
?? ?? (kH)
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75 μmol Pa?1 kg?1 | ||
| ??? (pKa) | 9.21 (in water),
百度 全国人大代表、TCL集团董事长李东生在接受《中国经济周刊》记者采访时表示，政府减税降费，企业得到实惠，企业整体销售增长后，实际纳税总额也得到了增长。
12.9 (in DMSO)[5] | ||
| ??? (pKb) | 4.79 (cyanide anion) | ||
| ?? | Hydrocyanonium | ||
| ??? | Cyanide | ||
??? (nD)
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1.2675[6] | ||
| ?? | 0.183 mPa·s (25 °C)[7] | ||
| ?? | |||
| C∞v | |||
| Linear | |||
| 2.98 D | |||
| ??? | |||
??? (C)
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35.9 J K?1 mol?1 (gas)[8] | ||
?? ? ???? (S
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201.8 J K?1 mol?1 | ||
?? ?? ??? (ΔfH?298)
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135.1 kJ mol?1 | ||
| ?? | |||
| GHS ???? |    
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| ??? | ?? | ||
| H225, H300, H310, H319, H330, H336, H370, H400, H410 | |||
| P210, P261, P305+351+338 | |||
| NFPA 704 (??? ?????) | |||
| ??? | ?17.8 °C (0.0 °F; 255.3 K) | ||
| 538 °C (1,000 °F; 811 K) | |||
| ?? ?? | 5.6% – 40.0%[9] | ||
| ?? ??? ?? ?? ???? (LD, LC): | |||
LC50 (median concentration)
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501 ppm (rat, 5 min) 323 ppm (mouse, 5 min) 275 ppm (rat, 15 min) 170 ppm (rat, 30 min) 160 ppm (rat, 30 min) 323 ppm (rat, 5 min)[10] | ||
LCLo (lowest published)
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200 ppm (mammal, 5 min) 36 ppm (mammal, 2 hr) 107 ppm (human, 10 min) 759 ppm (rabbit, 1 min) 759 ppm (cat, 1 min) 357 ppm (human, 2 min) 179 ppm (human, 1 hr)[10] | ||
| NIOSH (?? ?? ?? ??): | |||
PEL (??)
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TWA 10 ppm (11 mg/m3) [skin][9] | ||
REL (??)
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ST 4.7 ppm (5 mg/m3) [skin][9] | ||
IDLH (??? ??)
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50 ppm[9] | ||
| ?? ??? | |||
?? alkanenitriles
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?? ??? ??? ????, ????(25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa)?? ??? ??? ???.
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???? ??(hydrogen cyanide) ?? ????(靑化水素), ??(靑酸, prussic acid)? ???? HCN? ?????. ?, ???, ??? ??? ??? ???, ???? ???? ??? ???? ??? ?? ????. ??? ??? ?????, ???? ??. ???? 2g??, ??? ? ??. ???? ?? ?? 26°C?? ???. ???? ????? ??? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??. ???? ??? ???? ????? ???? ???(CN–)? ???? ????? ?????.
??
[??]????? ???? ??? ??? ???? ???? ????.
- CH4 + NH3 + 1.5O2 → HCN + 3H2O
??? ??? ???? ???? ????? ???? ???.
- CH4 + NH3 → HCN + 3H2
- CH(O)NH2 → HCN + H2O
????? ??? ???? ??? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ???.
- H+ + NaCN → HCN + Na+
? ??? ??? ??? ??? ??. ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ??? ????.
??
[??]- ↑ “Hydrogen Cyanide – Compound Summary”. 《PubChem Compound》. United States: National Center for Biotechnology Information. 2004? 9? 16?. Identification. 2012? 6? 4?? ???.
- ↑ “hydrogen cyanide (CHEBI:18407)”. 《Chemical Entities of Biological Interest》. UK: European Bioinformatics Institute. 2009? 10? 18?. Main. 2012? 6? 4?? ???.
- ↑ ? ? ? Haynes, 4.67
- ↑ Haynes, 6.94
- ↑ Evans, D. A. “pKa's of Inorganic and Oxo-Acids” (PDF). 2020? 6? 19?? ???.
- ↑ Patnaik, P. (2002). 《Handbook of Inorganic Chemicals》. McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0-07-049439-8.
- ↑ Haynes, 6.231
- ↑ Haynes, 5.19
- ↑ ? ? ? ? NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. “#0333”. ?? ?? ????????? (NIOSH).
- ↑ ? ? “Hydrogen cyanide”. 《Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations (IDLH)》. National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
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