?? (??)

百度要知道，首尔这种基本靠腿儿着逛的地方，一天走三万步不算事儿，但晚上回酒店时简直脚酸到哭出来。

??(敎化, ??????: pari-pac, ??: transform by instruction, teach and convert^[1])? ????(敎導轉化) ?? ????(敎訓勸化)? ???, ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ?? ??? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?? ? ? ??(聖道)? ???? ?? ?? ???.^[2] ??(開化) · ??(攝化) · ??(施化) ?? ??(勸化)? ?????.^[3]

??? ??10?(如來十號)? ??? ???, ?? ??? ??? ??? ? ?? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ???(利他德) ?? ??(化德)??? ??.^[4]^[5]^[6] ??10? ??? ???(世間解) · ???????(無上士調御丈夫) · ???(天人師) · ?(佛) · ??(世尊)? 5?? ??? ???(利他德) ? ??(化德)? ???? ????.^[7]

??? 《????》 ?20?? ???, 5?? ??? ?? ??? ?? ?? ????(德能化物)? ???(世欽敬)?? ????. ????(德能化物)? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??[物]? ???? ?? ??? ??? ?? ???. ???(世欽敬)? ?? ???? ?? '???? ???? ???'??, ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???? ????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???.^[7]

5?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? 4??? ????(德能化物)? ???.^[7] ???? ?(德) ?? ??(功德)??? ? ?? ????? ?(戒) · ?(定) · ?(慧)? 3?(三學)? ????,^[8]^[9] ? ??? ??? ?(能) ? ??? ??(自覺) · ??(覺他)? ?(行)? ?(德) ?? ??(功德, ??????: gu?a, pu?ya^[10])? ????.^[11]

???(世間解) - ????(化他之智): ?? ??? ???? ??[智]? ??? ?? ???.
???????(無上士調御丈夫) - ????(化他之能): ?? ??? ???? ?? ? ??? ??? ?? ???.
???(天人師) - ????(化他之德) - ?? ??? ???? ? ? ?????? ?? ? ? · ? · ?? ??? ?? ???.
?(佛) - ????(化他之行) - ????(覺行窮滿) ? ??(自覺) · ??(覺他)? 2?(二行)? ??? ?? ???.^[12]^[13]

5?? ??? ?? ?? ??? ??? 1??? ???(世欽敬)? ???.^[7]

??(世尊): ???(世欽重) - ???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ???, ???(婆伽婆)??? ??.

?? ??

??? (2003). 《?? ????》. ??? / ??? ????. |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? (K.614, T.1579). 《?????》. ????? ????? - ??????? / ?????. K.570(15-465), T.1579(30-279). ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???) CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? (K.955, T.1558). 《???????》. ????? ????? - ??????? / ?????. K.955(27-453), T.1558(29-1). ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???) CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
?? ? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? (K.614, T.1585). 《????》. ????? ????? - ??????? / ?????. K.614(17-510), T.1585(31-1). ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???) CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? (K.618, T.1612). 《?????》. ????? ????? - ??????? / ?????. K.618(17-637), T.1612(31-848). ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???) CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
??. ????? ??, ??. 《?? ??》. |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(??) DDB. 《Digital Dictionary of Buddhism (電子佛教辭典)》. Edited by A. Charles Muller. |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(???) ?? ?, ?? ?? (T.1579). 《?????(瑜伽師地論)》. ???????. T30, No. 1579. CBETA. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(???) 佛門網. 《佛學辭典(????)》. |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(???) 星雲. 《佛光大辭典(?????)》 3?. |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???) CS1 ?? - ?? ?? (??)
(???) ?? ?, ?? ?? (T.1612). 《?????(大乘五蘊論)》. ???????. T31, No. 1612, CBETA. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(???) ?? ?, ?? ?? (T.1558). 《???????(阿毘達磨俱舍論)》. ???????. T29, No. 1558, CBETA. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)
(???) ?? ? ??, ?? ?? (T.1585). 《????(成唯識論)》. ???????. T31, No. 1585, CBETA. ?? ?? ? ?? ??: |date= (???); |title=? ?? ??? ?? (???)

??

↑ 佛門網, "教化". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"教化:
出處: A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous
解釋: To transform by instruction; teach and convert; to cause another to give alms.
出處: 陳義孝編, 竺摩法師鑑定, 《佛學常見辭彙》
解釋: 教訓勸化。"
↑ ??, "敎化(??)". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"敎化(??): ????(敎導轉化)? ?. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?."
↑ 星雲, "教化". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"教化: (一)梵語 pari-pac。教，以善法教導他人；化，令遠離惡法。為教導感化之意，即說法引導眾生而令其受感化。如經上所言，轉無上法輪教化諸菩薩；教化安立無數眾生，令住無上正真之道。凡此皆屬轉惡為善、轉凡化聖之教化。與「開化」、「攝化」、「施化」、「勸化」等詞同義。〔長阿含卷一大本經、增一阿含經卷一、法華經卷四〕
(二)日本佛教用語。在佛前舉行法會之際，所唱誦之一種讚歌。 p4596"
↑ ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0863b07 - T44n1851_p0863b12. 10?(十號)
"其十號者。是佛如來名稱功德。名有通別。釋迦彌勒阿[門@(人/(人*人))]佛等是其別也。如來等十是其通也。應相須分故立別名。實德須顯故立通稱。實德無量。依德施名名亦無邊。今據一數且論十種。所謂如來應供正遍知明行足善逝世間解無上士調御丈夫天人師佛世尊。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)
↑ ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0863b15 - T44n1851_p0863b17. 10?(十號)? ??(自利)·??(利他) ??
"十中前五是自利德。後五利他。就自利中分為兩對。初二一對。前明道圓。後彰滅極。後三一對。前二因圓。後一果極。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)
↑ ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0864b04 - T44n1851_p0864b08. 10?(十號)? ??(自利)·??(利他) ??
"前五自德。後五化德。於中前四德能化物。後之一種為世欽敬。就前四中。初一明其化他之智。解了世間。第二明其化他之能。能調物心。第三明其化他之德。師德具足。第四明其化他之行。覺行窮滿。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)
↑ ^? ^? ^? ^? ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. pp. T44n1851_p0863b07 - T44n1851_p0864b08. 10?(十號)? ? ??
"其十號者。是佛如來名稱功德。名有通別。釋迦彌勒阿[門@(人/(人*人))]佛等是其別也。如來等十是其通也。應相須分故立別名。實德須顯故立通稱。實德無量。依德施名名亦無邊。今據一數且論十種。所謂如來應供正遍知明行足善逝世間解無上士調御丈夫天人師佛世尊。此十經中說之為號。或云名稱。通釋義齊。隨相分別。顯體為名。標德云稱。名稱外彰。號令天下。說之為號。十中前五是自利德。後五利他。就自利中分為兩對。初二一對。前明道圓。後彰滅極。後三一對。前二因圓。後一果極。 ... 前五自德。後五化德。於中前四德能化物。後之一種為世欽敬。就前四中。初一明其化他之智。解了世間。第二明其化他之能。能調物心。第三明其化他之德。師德具足。第四明其化他之行。覺行窮滿。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)
↑ ?? ?, ?? ?? & T.1558, ?4?. p. T29n1558_p0021a03 - T29n1558_p0021a09. ??(無慚)
"今次當說於前所辯諸心所中少分差別。無慚無愧愛之與敬差別云何。頌曰。
無慚愧不重於罪不見怖
愛敬謂信慚唯於欲色有
論曰。此中無慚無愧別者於諸功德及有德者。無敬無崇無所忌難無所隨屬說名無慚。"
↑ ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? & K.955, T.1558, ?4?. p. 180 / 1397. ??(無慚)
"?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???.
??(無慚)? ??(無愧), ?(愛)? ?(敬)? ??? ?????
???? ????.
??? ??? ???? ?? ???
?? ??? ??? ?? ???,
'?'? '?'?? ???? ?(信)? ?(慚)???
??? ??? ???? ?? ???.
無慚愧不重於罪不見怖
愛敬謂信慚唯於欲色有
??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??(戒·定·慧? ??? ??)? ?? ?? ?(? ??)? ?? ???? ?? ??, ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?[忌難]? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?[隨屬], ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??. ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???.⁶⁸⁾
⁶⁸⁾ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??[別體]?? ??? ???? ???. ??(無明)? ?(明)? ?? ?? ????.(?? 「???」 ??10 ??.)"
↑ DDB, "功德". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德:
Pronunciations: [py] gōngdé [wg] kung-te [hg] ?? [mc] gongdeok [mr] kongd?k [kk] クドク [hb] kudoku [qn] c?ng ??c
Basic Meaning: merit(s)
Senses:
# A quality, a virtue; (Skt. gu?a; pu?ya; Tib. bsod nams, Tib. yon tan). Blessedness, virtue, fortune, goodness. Excellent virtue, valuable quality; that which is accumulated according to one's good actions. Attribute. The opposite of a fault 過失. [Stephen Hodge, cmuller]
# The causes of good destiny; virtuous roots. The necessary materials for attaining the Buddha's enlightenment. [Charles Muller]
# Good actions, practices. [Charles Muller]
# Great power. [Charles Muller]
# Literally 'distinguished virtue' is translated as merit, which is acquired through virtuous deeds or the grace of the Buddha; 福德 literally 'felicitous or beneficial virtue' is translated as virtuous merit as it relates more to accumulated merit and its benefits than a quality of virtue; 利 literally 'benefits' is translated as such as it refers to the benefits acquired through accumulating merit and in this sutra is nearly synonymous with the usage of merit; 德 literally 'virtue' is translated as such since it is a quality acquired though virtuous or meritorious deeds. That being said, as can be seen, their meaning is highly similar, their usage inconsistent, and they are often used interchangeably. For more on the meaning in the Pure Land context, see Jōdoshū Daijiten v. 1 p. 344-5. [K.Mack]
# Benefit, ānisa?sa. Used to describe the benefits of states such as sati, kasi?a, jhāna, upekkhā, buddhānussati, etc. T 1648.32.400c1, etc. [Nyanatusita]
# A name for 弗若多羅 Pu?yatara, one of the twenty-four deva āryas 天尊 worshipped in China. (Skt. anu?a?sa, a?ga, anu?a?sana, anu?a?sā, ānu?a?sa, ānu?a?sā, āve?ika-gu?a, *ugra, ku?ala-mūla, gu?a-dharmatva, gu?a-pāramitā, gu?a-bhājana, gu?a-yukta, gu?a-ratna, gu?a-var?a, gu?a-vibhāga, gu?a-vyūha, gu?a-samanvāgata, gu?abhinna-lak?a?a, gu??peta, gu?ya, dharma, pu?ya-j?āna-sa?bhāra, pu?ya-pāramitā, pu?yabhisa?skāra, bhāgya, ma?i-gu?a, māhātmya, lak?mī, var?a, vibhūti, v?ddhi, ?irī, ?rī, samudāgama, sa?bhāra, susīma, sva-gu?a) [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill, Hirakawa]
# Also in: CJKV-E
[Compounds]
功德主功德五念門功德位功德使功德利功德利益功德力功德叢林功德品功德圓滿功德增上功德天功德天女功德寶功德差別功德成就功德持慧功德林功德殊勝功德水功德池功德無量功德田功德直功德相應功德福功德聚功德莊嚴功德華功德藏功德衣功德賢功德遊功德過失一切功德一切淨功德莊嚴一切過患及與功德一千二百功德三寶功德不共功德五功德五功德門五十功德五種功德佛功德佛無量功德作功德信爲道元功德母修功德修諸功德修諸功德願八功德八功德水八功德水湛然盈滿八功德池六根功德具功德具諸功德具足功德出世功德因分別功德論利他功德勝功德勝品功德十事功德十二佛名神呪校量功德除障滅罪經十功德千二百意功德千二百耳功德千二百舌功德受持七佛名號所生功德經可稱讚功德殊勝和合衆僧功德聚善根功德大功德大功德天大辯功德天大辯才功德天如來功德如來無量功德小功德我功德力所得功德支分功德智慧功德有爲功德正行功德殊勝殊勝功德無上功德無功德無盡功德藏無量功德無量功德藏眞實功德種種事功德稱讚功德殊勝見勝功德諸功德讚功德過失功德隨喜功德集一切功德麤相功德
[Dictionary References]
Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 202
Bulgyo sajeon 51a
Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 302-3
Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 251b
Iwanami bukkyō jiten 210
Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 184b/205
Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi) 418
Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 260c
Fo Guang Dictionary 1566
Ding Fubao
Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 0199
Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)689c
Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogacārabhūmi-?āstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)
(Soothill's) Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms 167"
↑ ??, "功德(??)". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德(??): ?? ??(求那, gua)? ??. ?? ??(懼囊)???(麌囊)???? ?. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??. (1) ??? ?? ???, ?? ??, ?(善)? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?. (2) ?(功)? ??(功能)?? ??. ?(善)? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?. (3) ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ?. (4) ?(惡)? ??? ?, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?. (5) ?? ???[得]? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?."
↑ ??, "佛陀(??)". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"佛陀(??): 【?】 Buddha ??(浮圖?浮屠)???(浮陀?部陀)???(浮頭)???(勃馱)???(母馱)???(沒馱)??? ??. ??(覺者)? ??. ?(佛)?? ??. ??(迷妄)? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???, ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??(自覺)???(覺他)? 2?(行)? ??? ??? ?. ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?. ??? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??, 10?(方)? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???(理想化)?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?. ??(佛)"
↑ 星雲, "功德". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德: 梵語 guna。音譯作懼曩、麌曩、求那。意指功能福德。亦謂行善所獲之果報。景德傳燈錄卷三有如下記載，梁武帝問於菩提達磨（大五一?二一九上）：「朕即位已來，造寺、寫經、度僧不可勝紀，有何功德？」師曰：「並無功德。」蓋此僅為人天小果有漏之因，雖有非實。所謂真功德，乃淨智妙圓、體自空寂，不求於世。往生論註卷上亦詳論虛偽、真實之二種功德。大乘義章卷九（大四四?六四九下）：「言功德，功謂功能，善有資潤福利之功，故名為功；此功是其善行家德，名為功德。」勝鬘寶窟卷上本（大三七?一一中）：「惡盡曰功，善滿稱德。又德者，得也；修功所得，故名功德也。」又功德之深廣喻為海，稱功德海（梵 guna-sāgara），其貴重如寶而謂功德寶（梵 guna-ratna），其他尚有功德藏、功德聚、功德莊嚴、功德林等多種名稱。〔維摩義記卷一（慧遠）、仁王般若經疏卷上一（吉藏）〕（參閱「利益」2809） p1566"

[FOOTNOTE佛門網"[httpdictionarybuddhistdoorcomword34354E69599E58C96_教化]"._2013?_4?_19??_??-1] 佛門網, "教化". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"教化:
出處: A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, William Edward Soothill and Lewis Hodous
解釋: To transform by instruction; teach and convert; to cause another to give alms.
出處: 陳義孝編, 竺摩法師鑑定, 《佛學常見辭彙》
解釋: 教訓勸化。"

[FOOTNOTE??"[httpbuddhadonggukedubs_detailaspxtypedetailfromtosrchEAB590ED9994rowno2_敎化(??)]"._2013?_4?_19??_??-2] ??, "敎化(??)". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"敎化(??): ????(敎導轉化)? ?. ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??, ???? ?? ?? ??, ??? ?? ?? ?? ???? ?? ?."

[FOOTNOTE星雲"[httpetextfgsorgtwetext6search-1-detailaspDINDEX15044DTITLEB1D0A4C6_教化]"._2013?_4?_19??_??-3] 星雲, "教化". 2013? 4? 19?? ??
"教化: (一)梵語 pari-pac。教，以善法教導他人；化，令遠離惡法。為教導感化之意，即說法引導眾生而令其受感化。如經上所言，轉無上法輪教化諸菩薩；教化安立無數眾生，令住無上正真之道。凡此皆屬轉惡為善、轉凡化聖之教化。與「開化」、「攝化」、「施化」、「勸化」等詞同義。〔長阿含卷一大本經、增一阿含經卷一、法華經卷四〕
(二)日本佛教用語。在佛前舉行法會之際，所唱誦之一種讚歌。 p4596"

[FOOTNOTE??_?T.1851?20?._p._[httpwwwcbetaorgcgi-bingotopllineheadT44n1851_p0863b07_T44n1851_p0863b07_-_T44n1851_p0863b12]._10?(十號)-4] ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0863b07 - T44n1851_p0863b12. 10?(十號)
"其十號者。是佛如來名稱功德。名有通別。釋迦彌勒阿[門@(人/(人*人))]佛等是其別也。如來等十是其通也。應相須分故立別名。實德須顯故立通稱。實德無量。依德施名名亦無邊。今據一數且論十種。所謂如來應供正遍知明行足善逝世間解無上士調御丈夫天人師佛世尊。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)

[FOOTNOTE??_?T.1851?20?._p._[httpwwwcbetaorgcgi-bingotopllineheadT44n1851_p0863b15_T44n1851_p0863b15_-_T44n1851_p0863b17]._10?(十號)?_??(自利)·??(利他)_??-5] ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0863b15 - T44n1851_p0863b17. 10?(十號)? ??(自利)·??(利他) ??
"十中前五是自利德。後五利他。就自利中分為兩對。初二一對。前明道圓。後彰滅極。後三一對。前二因圓。後一果極。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)

[FOOTNOTE??_?T.1851?20?._p._[httpwwwcbetaorgcgi-bingotopllineheadT44n1851_p0864b04_T44n1851_p0864b04_-_T44n1851_p0864b08]._10?(十號)?_??(自利)·??(利他)_??-6] ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. p. T44n1851_p0864b04 - T44n1851_p0864b08. 10?(十號)? ??(自利)·??(利他) ??
"前五自德。後五化德。於中前四德能化物。後之一種為世欽敬。就前四中。初一明其化他之智。解了世間。第二明其化他之能。能調物心。第三明其化他之德。師德具足。第四明其化他之行。覺行窮滿。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)

[FOOTNOTE??_?T.1851?20?._pp._[httpwwwcbetaorgcgi-bingotopllineheadT44n1851_p0863b07_T44n1851_p0863b07_-_T44n1851_p0864b08]._10?(十號)?_?_??-7] ? ^? ^? ^? ?? ? & T.1851, ?20?. pp. T44n1851_p0863b07 - T44n1851_p0864b08. 10?(十號)? ? ??
"其十號者。是佛如來名稱功德。名有通別。釋迦彌勒阿[門@(人/(人*人))]佛等是其別也。如來等十是其通也。應相須分故立別名。實德須顯故立通稱。實德無量。依德施名名亦無邊。今據一數且論十種。所謂如來應供正遍知明行足善逝世間解無上士調御丈夫天人師佛世尊。此十經中說之為號。或云名稱。通釋義齊。隨相分別。顯體為名。標德云稱。名稱外彰。號令天下。說之為號。十中前五是自利德。後五利他。就自利中分為兩對。初二一對。前明道圓。後彰滅極。後三一對。前二因圓。後一果極。 ... 前五自德。後五化德。於中前四德能化物。後之一種為世欽敬。就前四中。初一明其化他之智。解了世間。第二明其化他之能。能調物心。第三明其化他之德。師德具足。第四明其化他之行。覺行窮滿。" sfn ??: ?? ??: CITEREF??_?T.1851 (???)

[FOOTNOTE??_?,_??_??T.1558?4?._p._[httpwwwcbetaorgcgi-bingotopllineheadT29n1558_p0021a03_T29n1558_p0021a03_-_T29n1558_p0021a09]._??(無慚)-8] ?? ?, ?? ?? & T.1558, ?4?. p. T29n1558_p0021a03 - T29n1558_p0021a09. ??(無慚)
"今次當說於前所辯諸心所中少分差別。無慚無愧愛之與敬差別云何。頌曰。
無慚愧不重於罪不見怖
愛敬謂信慚唯於欲色有
論曰。此中無慚無愧別者於諸功德及有德者。無敬無崇無所忌難無所隨屬說名無慚。"

[FOOTNOTE??_??,_??_??,_???_??K.955,_T.1558?4?._p._[httpebtidonggukackrh_tripitakapagePageViewaspbookNum214startNum180_180_/_1397]._??(無慚)-9] ?? ??, ?? ??, ??? ?? & K.955, T.1558, ?4?. p. 180 / 1397. ??(無慚)
"?? ???? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ??? ? ???.
??(無慚)? ??(無愧), ?(愛)? ?(敬)? ??? ?????
???? ????.
??? ??? ???? ?? ???
?? ??? ??? ?? ???,
'?'? '?'?? ???? ?(信)? ?(慚)???
??? ??? ???? ?? ???.
無慚愧不重於罪不見怖
愛敬謂信慚唯於欲色有
??? ????. ??? ??? ??? ????. ?? ??(戒·定·慧? ??? ??)? ?? ?? ?(? ??)? ?? ???? ?? ??, ???? ?? ???, ??? ?? ??? ?[忌難]? ?? ???, ?? ??? ?[隨屬], ? ????? ??? ?? ?? ??? ????? ??. ? ?? ?? ??? ???? ???.⁶⁸⁾
⁶⁸⁾ ??? ??? ??? ??? ??? ???, ??? ??[別體]?? ??? ???? ???. ??(無明)? ?(明)? ?? ?? ????.(?? 「???」 ??10 ??.)"

[FOOTNOTEDDB"[httpwwwbuddhism-dictnetcgi-binxpr-ddbplqE58A9FE5BEB7_功德]"._2013?_4?_20??_??-10] DDB, "功德". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德:
Pronunciations: [py] gōngdé [wg] kung-te [hg] ?? [mc] gongdeok [mr] kongd?k [kk] クドク [hb] kudoku [qn] c?ng ??c
Basic Meaning: merit(s)
Senses:
# A quality, a virtue; (Skt. gu?a; pu?ya; Tib. bsod nams, Tib. yon tan). Blessedness, virtue, fortune, goodness. Excellent virtue, valuable quality; that which is accumulated according to one's good actions. Attribute. The opposite of a fault 過失. [Stephen Hodge, cmuller]
# The causes of good destiny; virtuous roots. The necessary materials for attaining the Buddha's enlightenment. [Charles Muller]
# Good actions, practices. [Charles Muller]
# Great power. [Charles Muller]
# Literally 'distinguished virtue' is translated as merit, which is acquired through virtuous deeds or the grace of the Buddha; 福德 literally 'felicitous or beneficial virtue' is translated as virtuous merit as it relates more to accumulated merit and its benefits than a quality of virtue; 利 literally 'benefits' is translated as such as it refers to the benefits acquired through accumulating merit and in this sutra is nearly synonymous with the usage of merit; 德 literally 'virtue' is translated as such since it is a quality acquired though virtuous or meritorious deeds. That being said, as can be seen, their meaning is highly similar, their usage inconsistent, and they are often used interchangeably. For more on the meaning in the Pure Land context, see Jōdoshū Daijiten v. 1 p. 344-5. [K.Mack]
# Benefit, ānisa?sa. Used to describe the benefits of states such as sati, kasi?a, jhāna, upekkhā, buddhānussati, etc. T 1648.32.400c1, etc. [Nyanatusita]
# A name for 弗若多羅 Pu?yatara, one of the twenty-four deva āryas 天尊 worshipped in China. (Skt. anu?a?sa, a?ga, anu?a?sana, anu?a?sā, ānu?a?sa, ānu?a?sā, āve?ika-gu?a, *ugra, ku?ala-mūla, gu?a-dharmatva, gu?a-pāramitā, gu?a-bhājana, gu?a-yukta, gu?a-ratna, gu?a-var?a, gu?a-vibhāga, gu?a-vyūha, gu?a-samanvāgata, gu?abhinna-lak?a?a, gu??peta, gu?ya, dharma, pu?ya-j?āna-sa?bhāra, pu?ya-pāramitā, pu?yabhisa?skāra, bhāgya, ma?i-gu?a, māhātmya, lak?mī, var?a, vibhūti, v?ddhi, ?irī, ?rī, samudāgama, sa?bhāra, susīma, sva-gu?a) [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill, Hirakawa]
# Also in: CJKV-E
[Compounds]
功德主功德五念門功德位功德使功德利功德利益功德力功德叢林功德品功德圓滿功德增上功德天功德天女功德寶功德差別功德成就功德持慧功德林功德殊勝功德水功德池功德無量功德田功德直功德相應功德福功德聚功德莊嚴功德華功德藏功德衣功德賢功德遊功德過失一切功德一切淨功德莊嚴一切過患及與功德一千二百功德三寶功德不共功德五功德五功德門五十功德五種功德佛功德佛無量功德作功德信爲道元功德母修功德修諸功德修諸功德願八功德八功德水八功德水湛然盈滿八功德池六根功德具功德具諸功德具足功德出世功德因分別功德論利他功德勝功德勝品功德十事功德十二佛名神呪校量功德除障滅罪經十功德千二百意功德千二百耳功德千二百舌功德受持七佛名號所生功德經可稱讚功德殊勝和合衆僧功德聚善根功德大功德大功德天大辯功德天大辯才功德天如來功德如來無量功德小功德我功德力所得功德支分功德智慧功德有爲功德正行功德殊勝殊勝功德無上功德無功德無盡功德藏無量功德無量功德藏眞實功德種種事功德稱讚功德殊勝見勝功德諸功德讚功德過失功德隨喜功德集一切功德麤相功德
[Dictionary References]
Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 202
Bulgyo sajeon 51a
Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 302-3
Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 251b
Iwanami bukkyō jiten 210
Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 184b/205
Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi) 418
Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 260c
Fo Guang Dictionary 1566
Ding Fubao
Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 0199
Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)689c
Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogacārabhūmi-?āstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)
(Soothill's) Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms 167"

[FOOTNOTE??"[httpbuddhadonggukedubs_detailaspxtypedetailfromtosrchEAB3B5EB8D95rowno19_功德(??)]"._2013?_4?_20??_??-11] ??, "功德(??)". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德(??): ?? ??(求那, gua)? ??. ?? ??(懼囊)???(麌囊)???? ?. ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ??? ?? ??. ??? ???? ? ?? ?? ?? ??. (1) ??? ?? ???, ?? ??, ?(善)? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ???? ???? ?. (2) ?(功)? ??(功能)?? ??. ?(善)? ???? ?? ?? ??? ??? ??? ??, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?. (3) ?? ??? ?? ??? ??, ???? ???? ??? ?. (4) ?(惡)? ??? ?, ?? ?? ?? ?? ??? ?. (5) ?? ???[得]? ???, ?? ?? ?? ?? ???? ???? ?."

[FOOTNOTE??"[httpbuddhadonggukedubs_detailaspxlinkDGUL_BS_T_007411_佛陀(??)]"._2013?_4?_20??_??-12] ??, "佛陀(??)". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"佛陀(??): 【?】 Buddha ??(浮圖?浮屠)???(浮陀?部陀)???(浮頭)???(勃馱)???(母馱)???(沒馱)??? ??. ??(覺者)? ??. ?(佛)?? ??. ??(迷妄)? ??? ??? ?? ?? ??? ???, ? ?? ??? ???? ??? ?? ??(自覺)???(覺他)? 2?(行)? ??? ??? ?. ? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?? ??? ? ?. ??? ???????, ?? ??? ??? ???? ?? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??, 10?(方)? ?? ????? ???? ??? ? ?? ???? ???, ??? ??? ??? ???? ?? ?? ???(理想化)?? ?? ?? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??? ?. ??(佛)"

[FOOTNOTE星雲"[httpetextfgsorgtwetext6search-1-detailaspDINDEX5954DTITLEA5\BCw_功德]"._2013?_4?_20??_??-13] 星雲, "功德". 2013? 4? 20?? ??
"功德: 梵語 guna。音譯作懼曩、麌曩、求那。意指功能福德。亦謂行善所獲之果報。景德傳燈錄卷三有如下記載，梁武帝問於菩提達磨（大五一?二一九上）：「朕即位已來，造寺、寫經、度僧不可勝紀，有何功德？」師曰：「並無功德。」蓋此僅為人天小果有漏之因，雖有非實。所謂真功德，乃淨智妙圓、體自空寂，不求於世。往生論註卷上亦詳論虛偽、真實之二種功德。大乘義章卷九（大四四?六四九下）：「言功德，功謂功能，善有資潤福利之功，故名為功；此功是其善行家德，名為功德。」勝鬘寶窟卷上本（大三七?一一中）：「惡盡曰功，善滿稱德。又德者，得也；修功所得，故名功德也。」又功德之深廣喻為海，稱功德海（梵 guna-sāgara），其貴重如寶而謂功德寶（梵 guna-ratna），其他尚有功德藏、功德聚、功德莊嚴、功德林等多種名稱。〔維摩義記卷一（慧遠）、仁王般若經疏卷上一（吉藏）〕（參閱「利益」2809） p1566"

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